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Choiseul, Étienne François, duc de

(Encyclopedia) Choiseul, Étienne François, duc deChoiseul, Étienne François, duc deātyĕnˈ fräNswäˈ [key]Choiseul, Étienne François, duc de dük də shwäzölˈ [key], 1719–85, French statesman. After…

Peter III, czar of Russia

(Encyclopedia) Peter III, 1728–62, czar of Russia (1762), son of Charles Frederick, dispossessed duke of Holstein-Gottorp, and of Anna Petrovna, daughter of Peter the Great. He succeeded to the…

Dumouriez, Charles François

(Encyclopedia) Dumouriez, Charles FrançoisDumouriez, Charles Françoisshärl fräNswäˈ düm&oomacr;-rēāˈ [key], 1739–1823, French general in the French Revolutionary Wars. After fighting in the Seven…

Louis XV, king of France

(Encyclopedia) Louis XV, 1710–74, king of France (1715–74), great-grandson and successor of King Louis XIV, son of Louis, titular duke of Burgundy, and Marie Adelaide of Savoy. The domestic abuses…

Germain, George Sackville, 1st Viscount Sackville

(Encyclopedia) Germain, George Sackville, 1st Viscount SackvilleGermain, George Sackville, 1st Viscount Sackvillejûrˈmən, –mān [key], 1716–85, British soldier and statesman. He was known as Lord…

Amherst, Jeffery Amherst, Baron

(Encyclopedia) Amherst, Jeffery Amherst, BaronAmherst, Jeffery Amherst, Baronămˈərst [key], 1717–97, British army officer. He served in the War of the Austrian Succession and in the early part of the…

Sade, Donatien Alphonse François, comte de

(Encyclopedia) Sade, Donatien Alphonse François, comte deSade, Donatien Alphonse François, comte dedônäsyăNˈ älfôNsˈ fräNswäˈ kôNt də säd [key], 1740–1814, French writer and libertine. He is known as…

Augustus III

(Encyclopedia) Augustus III, 1696–1763, king of Poland (1735–63) and, as Frederick Augustus II, elector of Saxony (1733–63); son of Augustus II, whom he succeeded in Saxony. Elected king of Poland by…