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Middle English literature

(Encyclopedia) Middle English literature, English literature of the medieval period, c.1100 to c.1500. See also English literature and Anglo-Saxon literature. The 15th cent. is not…

papacy

(Encyclopedia) CE5 papacypapacypāˈpəsē [key], office of the pope, head of the Roman Catholic Church. He is pope by reason of being bishop of Rome and thus, according to Roman Catholic belief,…

Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania State Information Official Name: Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Capital: Harrisburg Organized as a territory: 1681 Entered Union (rank): December 12, 1787 (2nd) Present constitution…

knight

(Encyclopedia) knight, in ancient and medieval history, a noble who did military service as a mounted warrior. As the feudal system disintegrated, knight service was with growing frequency…

Bach, Johann Sebastian

(Encyclopedia) Bach, Johann SebastianBach, Johann Sebastiansābäsˈtyän [key]Bach, Johann Sebastian bäkh [key], 1685–1750, German composer and organist, b. Eisenach; one of the greatest and most…

Oxford movement

(Encyclopedia) Oxford movement, religious movement begun in 1833 by Anglican clergymen at the Univ. of Oxford to renew the Church of England (see England, Church of) by reviving certain Roman…

fundamentalism

(Encyclopedia) fundamentalism. 1 In Protestantism, religious movement that arose among conservative members of various Protestant denominations early in the 20th cent., with the object of maintaining…

Dreyfus Affair

(Encyclopedia) Dreyfus AffairDreyfus Affairdrāˈfəs, drī– [key], the controversy that occurred with the treason conviction (1894) of Capt. Alfred Dreyfus (1859–1935), a French artillery officer and…

court

(Encyclopedia) court, in law, official body charged with administering justice. The term is also applied to the judge or judges who fill the office and to the courtroom itself. Courts come into…

Innocent III

(Encyclopedia) Innocent III, b. 1160 or 1161, d. 1216, pope (1198–1216), an Italian, b. Anagni, named Lotario di Segni; successor of Celestine III. Innocent III was succeeded by Honorius III. Amid…