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Todorov, Tzvetan

(Encyclopedia) Todorov, Tzvetan, 1939–2017, Bulgarian-French literary theorist, historian of ideas, and sociologist, b. Sofia, Bulgaria, Ph.D. Univ. of Paris, 1966. He joined (1968) the National…

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

(Encyclopedia) Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, scientific research centers run by the Univ. of California, located in Berkeley, Calif., and Livermore…

Van Allen, James Alfred

(Encyclopedia) Van Allen, James Alfred, 1914–2006, American physicist and space scientist, Mt. Pleasant, Iowa. A graduate (Ph.D 1939) of and professor of physics (1951–85) at what is now the Univ. of…

stroboscope

(Encyclopedia) stroboscopestroboscopestrŏbˈəskōp [key], optical instrument for making a moving object appear to be slowed down or stationary. This effect is created by interrupting the observer's…

Musk, Elon

(Encyclopedia) Musk, Elon Musk, Elon ēˈlŏn [key], 1971–, American business executive and entrepreneur, b…

centrifuge

(Encyclopedia) centrifugecentrifugesĕnˈtrəfy&oomacr;j [key], device using centrifugal force to separate two or more substances of different density, e.g., two liquids or a liquid and a solid. The…

Kharkiv

(Encyclopedia) KharkivKharkivkhärˈkəf [key], Rus. Kharkov, city (1990 est. pop. 1,600,000), capital of Kharkiv region, E Ukraine, at the confluence of the Kharkiv, Lopan, and Udy rivers in the upper…

Francis Narin

A pioneer in the field of scientometrics, Francis Narin founded CHI Research (now called The Patent Board) and set out to quantify the worth of scientific research. Narin studied chemistry at…

vacuum

(Encyclopedia) vacuum, theoretically, space without matter in it. A perfect vacuum has never been obtained; the best human-generated vacuums contain less than 100,000 gas molecules per cc, compared…