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Pugachev, Emelian Ivanovich

(Encyclopedia) Pugachev, Emelian IvanovichPugachev, Emelian Ivanovichyĭmĭlyänˈ ēväˈnəvĭch p&oomacr;gəchôfˈ [key], c.1742–75, Russian peasant leader, head of the peasant rebellion of 1773–74. A…

Birrell, Augustine

(Encyclopedia) Birrell, AugustineBirrell, Augustinebĭrˈəl [key], 1850–1933, English essayist and public official. As chief secretary for Ireland (1907–16) his failure to end the plotting that…

Sarapul

(Encyclopedia) SarapulSarapulsəräˈp&oomacr;l [key], city (1989 pop. 110,000), E European Russia, in the Udmurt Republic, on the Kama River. It is a rail junction on the Moscow-Yekaterinburg line…

O'Mahony, John

(Encyclopedia) O'Mahony, JohnO'Mahony, Johnōmăˈhənē [key], 1816–77, Irish patriot. He attended Trinity College, Dublin, and became a proficient Irish scholar. After taking part in the unsuccessful…

Nelson, Robert

(Encyclopedia) Nelson, Robert, 1794–1873, Canadian rebel, b. Montreal; brother of Wolfred Nelson. Like his brother, he was a surgeon in the War of 1812, and with him he entered the Legislative…

German East Africa

(Encyclopedia) German East Africa, former German colony, c.370,000 sq mi (958,300 sq km), E Africa. Dar es Salaam was the capital. German influence emerged in the area in 1884 when Carl Peters, the…

Kabila, Laurent-Désiré

(Encyclopedia) Kabila, Laurent-DésiréKabila, Laurent-DésirélôräNˈ-dāzērāˈ [key]Kabila, Laurent-Désiré käbēˈlä [key], 1939–2001, Congolese political and rebel leader. He studied at universities in…

Sicilian Vespers

(Encyclopedia) Sicilian Vespers, in Italian history, name given the rebellion staged by the Sicilians against the Angevin French domination of Sicily; the rebellion broke out at Palermo at the start…

Bar, Confederation of

(Encyclopedia) Bar, Confederation of, union formed in 1768 at Bar, in Podolia (now in W Ukraine), by a number of Polish nobles to oppose the interference of Catherine II of Russia in Polish affairs.…

Indian Mutiny

(Encyclopedia) Indian Mutiny, 1857–58, revolt that began with Indian soldiers in the Bengal army of the British East India Company but developed into a widespread uprising against British rule in…