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Euclid

Euclid was a mathematician whose third century B.C. textbook Elements served as the western world's unchallenged standard for two millennia. Nothing is known about Euclid's life or physical…

Nicolas Copernicus

Name at birth: Niclas KopernikNicolas Copernicus was born into a well-to-do family, and after his father died in 1483 he was put under the guardianship of his uncle, a bishop of Warmia (Poland). He…

Cleopatra

Cleopatra (actually Cleopatra VII) was the last of the Ptolemies, the Macedonian-descended pharaohs who ruled Egypt beginning in 304 B.C. Cleopatra has come down through history less for her…

Commagene

(Encyclopedia) CommageneCommagenekŏməjēˈnē [key], ancient district of N Syria, on the Euphrates River and S of the Taurus range, now in SE Asian Turkey. Its metropolis, Samosata, was founded by Samos…

Copernican system

(Encyclopedia) Copernican system, first modern European theory of planetary motion that was heliocentric, i.e., that placed the sun motionless at the center of the solar system with all the planets,…

constellation, in astronomy

(Encyclopedia) CE5 Constellations: Southern sky CE5 Constellations: Southern sky CE5 Constellations: Southern sky constellation, in common usage, group of stars that appear to form a…

Mercator, Gerardus

(Encyclopedia) Mercator, GerardusMercator, Gerardusjərärˈdəs mûrkāˈtər [key], Latin form of Gerhard KremerGerhard Kremergārˈhärt krāˈmər [key], 1512–94, Flemish geographer, mathematician, and…

Pleiad

(Encyclopedia) PleiadPleiadplēˈăd [key] [from Pleiades], group of seven tragic poets of Alexandria who flourished c.280 b.c. under Ptolemy II Philadelphus. Of the works of the men usually given in…

William Shakespeare: Antony and Cleopatra

The last Pharaoh of Egypt and the dashing Roman general by David Johnson One of the most famous women in history, Cleopatra VII was the brilliant and beautiful last Pharaoh of Egypt.…