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Muhammad, Murtala Ramat

(Encyclopedia) Muhammad, Murtala Ramat, 1938–1976, Nigerian military officer and politician. A Muslim Hausa from the north, he joined the Nigerian army and was involved in the coup that brought…

Shonekan, Ernest Adegunle Oladeinde

(Encyclopedia) Shonekan, Ernest Adegunle Oladeinde, 1936–, Nigerian businessman and political leader, b. Lagos. He received a law degree in 1962 from the Univ. of London and joined the United African…

Hata, Tsutomu

(Encyclopedia) Hata, TsutomuHata, Tsutomuts&oomacr;tōˈm&oomacr; häˈtä [key], 1935–, Japanese politician, b. Tokyo. After 10 years in Japan's private sector, he was elected (1969) to…

Markowitz, Harry Max

(Encyclopedia) Markowitz, Harry MaxMarkowitz, Harry Maxmärˈkəwĭtsˌ [key], 1927–, American economist, Ph.D. Univ. of Chicago, 1954. In the 1950s he developed a theory of “portfolio choice,” which…

Murad, Ferid

(Encyclopedia) Murad, Ferid, 1936–, American pharmacologist, b. Whiting, Ind., M.D., Ph.D. Western Reserve Univ. (now Case Western Reserve Univ.), 1965. Murad taught at the Univ. of Virginia (1975–81…

World Intellectual Property Organization

(Encyclopedia) World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), specialized agency of the United Nations, with headquarters at Geneva. WIPO became an agency in 1974, but its roots go back to 1883…

Schirra, Wally

(Encyclopedia) Schirra, Wally, (Walter Marty Schirra, Jr.), 1923–2007, the only American astronaut to fly in all of NASA's first three manned spaceflight programs, b. Hackensack, N.J., grad. U.S.…

Negroponte, John Dimitri

(Encyclopedia) Negroponte, John Dimitri, 1939–, U.S. public official, b. London, England. He joined the U.S. Foreign Service in 1960, and during his long diplomatic career was posted to Asia, Europe…

Kim, Jim Yong

(Encyclopedia) Kim, Jim Yong, 1959–, Korean-American physician, university administrator, and global health specialist, b. Seoul, grad. Brown (A.B., 1982), Harvard (M.D., 1991, Ph.D., 1993). He moved…

Bolton, John Robert

(Encyclopedia) Bolton, John Robert, 1948–, U.S. government official, b. Baltimore, grad Yale (B.A., 1970; J.D., 1974). A conservative Republican who has supported hardline, unilateral approaches to…