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pruning

(Encyclopedia) pruning, the horticultural practice of cutting away an unwanted, unnecessary, or undesirable plant part, used most often on trees, shrubs, hedges, and woody vines. Man uses pruning to…

Orphic Mysteries

(Encyclopedia) Orphic Mysteries or Orphism, religious cult of ancient Greece, prominent in the 6th cent. b.c. According to legend Orpheus founded these mysteries and was the author of the sacred…

Martial

(Encyclopedia) Martial (Marcus Valerius Martialis)Martialmärˈshəl [key], c.a.d. 40–c.a.d. 104, Roman epigrammatic poet, b. Bilbilis, Spain. After a.d. 64 he lived in Rome for many years, winning fame…

Melville, Andrew

(Encyclopedia) Melville, Andrew, 1545–1622, Scottish religious reformer and scholar. He studied abroad, came under the influence of Theodore Beza, and was a professor at Geneva. He was principal (…

Clarendon, Constitutions of

(Encyclopedia) Clarendon, Constitutions of, 1164, articles issued by King Henry II of England at the Council of Clarendon defining the customs governing relations between church and state. In the…

East Riding of Yorkshire

(Encyclopedia) East Riding of Yorkshire, district and unitary authority, NE England. The district extends from the Yorkshire Wolds (N) to the River…

Armenian Church

(Encyclopedia) Armenian Church, autonomous Christian church, sometimes also called the Gregorian Church. Its head, a primate of honor only, is the catholicos of Yejmiadzin, Armenia; Karekin II became…

Farel, Guillaume

(Encyclopedia) Farel, GuillaumeFarel, Guillaumegēyōmˈ färĕlˈ [key], 1489–1565, French religious reformer, associate of John Calvin. In 1520, Farel joined Jacques Lefèvre d'Étaples at Meaux to aid in…

Yoshida, Shigeru

(Encyclopedia) Yoshida, ShigeruYoshida, Shigerushēgāˈr&oomacr; yōˈshēdä [key], 1878–1967, Japanese statesman. He was until 1954 the most powerful political figure in postwar Japan. He was…

Brutus, Dennis Vincent

(Encyclopedia) Brutus, Dennis Vincent, 1924–2009, South African poet, b. Salisbury, Rhodesia (now Harare, Zimbabwe). Brutus grew up in South Africa and received (1947) his B.A. from the Univ. of Fort…