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Kautsky, Karl Johann

(Encyclopedia) Kautsky, Karl JohannKautsky, Karl Johannkärl yōˈhän koutˈskē [key], 1854–1938, German-Austrian socialist, b. Prague. A leading figure in the effort to spread Marxist doctrine in…

Chambers, Whittaker

(Encyclopedia) Chambers, Whittaker, 1901–61, U.S. journalist and spy, b. Philadelphia. He joined the U.S. Communist party in 1925 and wrote for its newspaper before engaging (1935–38) in espionage…

Hertzog, James Barry Munnik

(Encyclopedia) Hertzog, James Barry MunnikHertzog, James Barry Munnikhûrtˈsŏg, hĕrtˈsôkh [key], 1866–1942, South African military and political leader. Before the South African War, in which he…

Hague, William Jefferson

(Encyclopedia) Hague, William JeffersonHague, William Jeffersonhāg [key], 1961–, British politician, leader (1997–2001) of the Conservative party, b. Rotherham, Yorkshire. After graduating from…

Hatoyama, Yukio

(Encyclopedia) Hatoyama, YukioHatoyama, Yukioy&oomacr;ˈkēō [key]Hatoyama, Yuki hätōˈyämä [key], 1947–, Japanese politician, grad. Tokyo Univ. (B.S., 1969), Stanford (Ph.D, 1976). Though his…

Snowden, Philip Snowden, 1st Viscount

(Encyclopedia) Snowden, Philip Snowden, 1st ViscountSnowden, Philip Snowden, 1st Viscountsnōˈdən [key], 1864–1937, British statesman. Born to poverty, he was a civil service clerk until crippled by a…

Gillard, Julia Eileen

(Encyclopedia) Gillard, Julia EileenGillard, Julia Eileengĭˈlärd [key], 1961–, Australian political leader, b. Barry, Wales, B.A., LL.B. Univ. of Melbourne 1986. Gillard, who immigrated to Australia…

MacDonald, Ramsay

(Encyclopedia) MacDonald, Ramsay (James Ramsay McDonald), 1866–1937, British statesman, b. Scotland. The illegitimate son of a servant, he went as a young man to London, where he joined the Social…

Sadr, Moktada al-

(Encyclopedia) Sadr, Moktada or Moqtada al-Sadr, Moktada or Moqtada al-m&oobreve;khˈtädä ä-säˈdər [key], 1973?–, Iraqi Shiite cleric. The son of Grand Ayatollah Mohammed Sadeq al-Sadr, who was…

Weed, Thurlow

(Encyclopedia) Weed, ThurlowWeed, Thurlowthûrˈlō [key], 1797–1882, American journalist and political leader, b. Cairo, N.Y. After working on various newspapers in W New York, Weed joined the…