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Darius II

(Encyclopedia) Darius II, d. 404 b.c., king of ancient Persia (423?–404 b.c.); son of Artaxerxes I and a concubine, hence sometimes called Darius Nothus [Darius the bastard]. His rule was not popular…

Karimov, Islam Abduganievich

(Encyclopedia) Karimov, Islam AbduganievichKarimov, Islam Abduganievichĭslämˈ kärēˈmôf [key], 1938–2016, Soviet and Uzbekistani political leader, president of Uzbekistan (1991–2016). He joined the…

John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation

(Encyclopedia) John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, philanthropic institution founded 1978 by John D. MacArthur (1897–1978), owner of a prominent insurance company and other businesses, and…

Kadhimi, Mustafa al-

(Encyclopedia) Kadhimi, Mustafa al-, 1967–, Iraqi journalist, human-rights activist, government official, and political leader, b. as Mustafa Abdul-Latif Mishatat. A Shia Muslim, he opposed President…

Arp, Jean

(Encyclopedia) Arp, Jean or Hans, 1887–1966, French sculptor and painter. Arp was connected with the Blaue Reiter in Munich, various avant-garde groups in Paris, including the surrealists, and the…

Scriabin, Aleksandr Nikolayevich

(Encyclopedia) Scriabin, Aleksandr NikolayevichScriabin, Aleksandr Nikolayevichəlyĭksänˈdər nyēkəlīˈəvĭch skrēäbēnˈ, skrēäˈbĭn [key], 1872–1915, Russian composer and pianist. The name is sometimes…

Parmenion

(Encyclopedia) ParmenionParmenionpärmēˈnēən [key], d. 330 b.c., Macedonian general. He served under Philip II. On Philip's death Parmenion was largely responsible for the adherence of the army in…

Baldovinetti, Alesso

(Encyclopedia) Baldovinetti, AlessoBaldovinetti, Alessoälāsˈsō bäldōvēnĕtˈtē [key], c.1425–1499, Italian painter and decorative artist of the early Florentine Renaissance. He was probably trained in…

Common Cause

(Encyclopedia) Common Cause, U.S. organization that seeks a “reordering of national priorities and revitalization of the public process to make our political and governmental institutions more…