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Chrétien de Troyes

(Encyclopedia) Chrétien de Troyes or Chrestien de TroyesChrétien de Troyesboth: krātyăNˈ də trwä [key], fl. 1170, French poet, author of the first great literary treatments of the Arthurian legend.…

Ali Pasha

(Encyclopedia) Ali PashaAli Pashaälēˈ päshäˈ [key], 1744?–1822, Turkish pasha [military governor] of Yannina (now Ioánnina, Greece), a province of the Ottoman Empire (Turkey). He was called the…

Johnson, Martin Elmer

(Encyclopedia) Johnson, Martin Elmer, 1884–1937, American explorer and author, b. Rockford, Ill. He left home at 14 to work his way to Europe on a cattle boat, returning as a stowaway. He then joined…

Brunswick, former state, Germany

(Encyclopedia) BrunswickBrunswickbrŭnzˈwĭk [key], Ger. BraunschweigBrunswickbrounˈshfīk [key], former state, central Germany, surrounded by the former Prussian provinces of Saxony, Hanover, and…

white shark

(Encyclopedia) white shark, large, ferocious shark, Carcharodon carcharias. Also known as the great white shark and maneater, this shark can attack swimmers and boats without provocation, though it…

Tilak, Bal Gangadhar

(Encyclopedia) Tilak, Bal GangadharTilak, Bal Gangadharbäl gŭngˈgədär tēˈläk [key], 1856–1920, Indian nationalist leader. He was a journalist in Pune, and in his newspapers, the Marathi-language…

Schwerin

(Encyclopedia) SchwerinSchwerinshvārēnˈ [key], city (1994 pop. 122,189), capital of Mecklenburg–West Pomerania state, N central Germany, on Schwerin Lake. It is the commercial, industrial, and…

monsters and imaginary beasts

(Encyclopedia) monsters and imaginary beasts. The mythologies and legends of ancient and modern cultures teem with an enormous variety of monsters and imaginary beasts. A great number of these are…

Richard I

(Encyclopedia) Richard I,&sp;Richard Cœur de LionRichard I,kör də lyôNˈ [key], or Richard Lion-Heart, 1157–99, king of England (1189–99); third son of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine. Although…

Henry the Proud

(Encyclopedia) Henry the Proud, c.1108–1139, duke of Bavaria (1126–38) and of Saxony (1137–38). A member of the Guelph family, he inherited the duchy of Bavaria and enormous private wealth. By his…