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Ormonde, James Butler, 12th earl and 1st duke of

(Encyclopedia) Ormonde, James Butler, 12th earl and 1st duke ofOrmonde, James Butler, 12th earl and 1st duke ofôrˈmənd [key], 1610–88, Irish statesman, most powerful royalist influence in Ireland…

Mattis, James

(Encyclopedia) Mattis, James, 1950–, American general and secretary of defense (2017–18), b. Pullman, Wash., grad. Central Washington Univ. (1971). Commissioned as a second lieutenant (1972) in the…

Lincoln, Levi

(Encyclopedia) Lincoln, Levi, 1749–1820, American public official, b. Hingham, Mass., grad. Harvard, 1772. A lawyer, he held various local offices during the American Revolution and later became a…

Nicholson, Francis

(Encyclopedia) Nicholson, Francis, 1655–1728, British colonial administrator in North America. Lieutenant governor under Sir Edmund Andros, he fled (1689) to England during the revolt in New York led…

Sussex, Thomas Radcliffe, 3d earl of

(Encyclopedia) Sussex, Thomas Radcliffe, 3d earl of, 1526?–1583, English nobleman. Styled Viscount Fitzwalter after his father became (1542) the 2d earl of Sussex, he served in the army in France and…

Carlisle, Frederick Howard, 5th earl of

(Encyclopedia) Carlisle, Frederick Howard, 5th earl of, 1748–1825, British statesman. A member of the distinguished Howard family, he went to the American colonies on an unsuccessful peace mission (…

Howell, John Adams

(Encyclopedia) Howell, John Adams, 1840–1918, American naval officer and inventor, b. Bath, N.Y., grad. Annapolis, 1858. He served as a lieutenant throughout the Civil War, fighting under Admiral…

Raffles, Sir Thomas Stamford Bingley

(Encyclopedia) Raffles, Sir Thomas Stamford Bingley, 1781–1826, British East Indian administrator. He was one of the founders of Britain's empire in East Asia. Beginning his career (1795) as a clerk…