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Lee, Spike

(Encyclopedia) Lee, Spike (Shelton Jackson Lee), 1957–, African-American filmmaker, b. Atlanta, Ga. As a student at New York Univ., he won recognition…

secret society

(Encyclopedia) secret society, organization of initiated persons whose members, purposes, and rituals are kept secret. Human groups throughout history have maintained secret societies. The ceremonies…

Mob murder in a Christian nation

by Ida B. Wells The lynching record for a quarter of a century merits the thoughtful study of the American people. It presents three salient facts: First, lynching is a colorline…

The Supreme Court: Allowing Cross Burning

Allowing Cross BurningThe Supreme CourtFighting for FreedomsUsing Illegal CommunicationProtecting PornographyPreventing Children from Accessing Pornography on the InternetAllowing Cross Burning No…

Powell v. Alabama (1932)

Historical BackgroundBy the 1930s, the reign of Jim Crow had reached its apex in the South. Segregation of the races remained the norm across the region-and, indeed, across the nation.…

Civil Rights Cases (1883)

Historical BackgroundBetween 1866 and 1875, Congress passed several civil rights acts to implement the 13th and 14th amendments. One was the Civil Rights Act of 1875, which imposed various…

The Supreme Court: Hugo Black (1937-1971)

Hugo Black (1937-1971)The Supreme CourtGreat Minds of the CourtJoseph Story (1811-1845)Oliver Wendell Holmes (1902-1932)Louis Brandeis (1916-1939)Benjamin Cardozo (1932-1938)Hugo Black (1937-…

Defining Hate Crimes

No longer a Black and White issue by Ricco Villanueva Siasoco This article was posted on August 18, 1999. Buford O. Furrow opened fire at a Jewish community center. The avowed White supremacist…