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Arabs

(Encyclopedia) Arabs, name originally applied to the Semitic peoples of the Arabian Peninsula. It now refers to those persons whose primary language is Arabic. They constitute most of the population…

Moriscos

(Encyclopedia) MoriscosMoriscosmôrĭsˈkōz [key] [Span.,=Moorish], Moors converted to Christianity after the Christian reconquest (11th–15th cent.) of Spain. The Moors who had become subjects of…

liturgy, Islamic

(Encyclopedia) liturgy, Islamic, mandatory ritual prayer in Islam (salat) is performed five times a day at dawn, noon, afternoon, sunset, and night. It requires ritual cleanliness, and is preceded by…

Ramadan and Eid al-Fitr

  The month of fasting For more on Islamic history and culture, see the Islam Primer. For more than a billion Muslims, Ramadan is a time of prayer, fasting, and charity. Related Links Major Islamic…

Fulani

(Encyclopedia) FulaniFulanif&oomacr;läˈnē [key], people of W Africa, numbering approximately 14 million. They are of mixed sub-Saharan African and Berber origin. First recorded as living in the…

Khomeini, Ayatollah Ruhollah

(Encyclopedia) Khomeini, Ayatollah RuhollahKhomeini, Ayatollah Ruhollahkhōmāˈnē [key], 1900–1989, Iranian Shiite religious leader. Educated in Islam at home and in theological schools, in the 1950s…

John of Damascus, Saint

(Encyclopedia) John of Damascus, Saint, or Saint John DamasceneSaint John Damascenedămˈəsēn [key], c.675–c.749, Syrian theologian, Father of the Church and Doctor of the Church. He was brought up at…

Iqbal, Muhammad

(Encyclopedia) Iqbal, MuhammadIqbal, Muhammadməhămˈĭd ĭkhbälˈ [key], 1877–1938, Indian Muslim poet, philosopher, and political leader. He studied at Government College, Lahore, Cambridge, and the…

Adygey Republic

(Encyclopedia) Adygey RepublicAdygey Republicədĭgyĕˈ [key] or Adygeya, formerly Adyge Autonomous Region, constituent republic (1990 est. pop. 435,000), c.2,935 sq mi (7,600 sq km), an enclave within…