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Florida International University

(Encyclopedia) Florida International University, primarily at University Park, Miami; coeducational; chartered 1965, opened 1972. A research university, it has 18 colleges and schools and many…

American International Group

(Encyclopedia) American International Group (AIG), American multinational insurance corporation whose potential bankruptcy in 2008 led to the largest federal bailout of a private company. AIG was…

Centennial Exhibition, International

(Encyclopedia) Centennial Exhibition, International, held in Philadelphia from May to Nov., 1876, to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the Declaration of Independence. The buildings, in Fairmount…

Spassky, Boris

(Encyclopedia) Spassky, Boris, 1937–, Soviet chess champion. A child prodigy, he became an international master at the age of 16 and in 1955, at age 18, he became an international grand master.…

Communications Satellite Corporation

(Encyclopedia) Communications Satellite Corporation (Comsat), organization incorporated (1962) by an act of Congress to establish a commercial system of international communications using artificial…

Martens, Feodor

(Encyclopedia) Martens, FeodorMartens, Feodorfyôˈdər märˈtyĭns [key], 1845–1909, Russian diplomat and authority on international law. He became an official in the foreign ministry in 1868 and was…

Shotwell, James Thomson

(Encyclopedia) Shotwell, James Thomson, 1874–1965, Canadian-American historian, b. Strathroy, Ont. A teacher of history at Columbia from 1900 and professor from 1908 to 1942, Shotwell also worked…

Bassiouni, M. Cherif

(Encyclopedia) Bassiouni, M. Cherif (Mahmoud Cherif Bassiouni), 1937–2017, Egyptian-American international criminal law jurist and human-rights advocate, b. Cairo. Bassiouni fought for Egypt in the…