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Louganis, Greg E.

(Encyclopedia) Louganis, Greg E.Louganis, Greg E.l&oomacr;gāˈnĭs [key], 1960–, American diver, b. San Diego, Calif. He won gold medals in springboard diving and platform diving in the 1984…

Newcastle disease

(Encyclopedia) Newcastle disease, pneumoencephalitis, acute viral disease of domestic poultry. Newcastle disease is characterized by sneezing, coughing, and nervous behavior. Affected birds may show…

Murdock, George Peter

(Encyclopedia) Murdock, George Peter, 1897–1985, American anthropologist, b. Meriden, Conn., grad. Yale (B.A., 1919; Ph.D., 1925). He taught at Yale and later at the Univ. of Pittsburgh, becoming…

Matsudaira, Tsuneo

(Encyclopedia) Matsudaira, TsuneoMatsudaira, Tsuneots&oomacr;nāˈō mäts&oomacr;dīˈrä [key], 1877–1949, Japanese diplomat. He was much involved in negotiations with the United States and Great…

Médici, Emílio Garrastazú

(Encyclopedia) Médici, Emílio GarrastazúMédici, Emílio Garrastazúəmēˈly&oobreve; gəräshˈtəz&oomacr; mĕdˈĭsē [key], 1905–86, president of Brazil (1969–74). An army general, he served as head…

Madariaga, Salvador de

(Encyclopedia) Madariaga, Salvador de (Salvador de Madariaga y Rojo)Madariaga, Salvador desälväᵺōrˈ dā mäᵺäryäˈgä ē rōˈhō [key], 1886–1978, Spanish author and diplomat. In 1922 Madariaga became head…

Cooper, Samuel

(Encyclopedia) Cooper, Samuel, 1609–72, one of the greatest English miniaturists. A student of Hoskins, he worked in London from c.1642. He painted portraits of numerous celebrated Englishmen. His…

commutation of sentence

(Encyclopedia) commutation of sentence, in criminal law, reduction of a sentence for a criminal act by action of the executive head of the government. Like pardon, commutation of sentence is a matter…

Crvenkovski, Branko

(Encyclopedia) Crvenkovski, Branko, 1962–, North Macedonian political leader, b. Sarajevo, Yugoslavia (now in Bosnia and Herzegovina). An electrical engineer, he worked in industry before being…

Christ's-thorn

(Encyclopedia) Christ's-thorn, name for several Old World plants popularly said to have composed the crown of thorns. It is applied most often to two members of the family Rhamnaceae (buckthorn…