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Fauci, Anthony Stephen

(Encyclopedia) Fauci, Anthony Stephen, 1940–, American physician, immunologist, and government official, b. Brooklyn, New York, M.D. Cornell, 1966. A senior investigator in the National Institute of…

United Nations Children's Fund

(Encyclopedia) United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), a specialized fund of the United Nations. It was established in 1946 as the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund, and became…

retrovirus

(Encyclopedia) retrovirus, type of RNA virus that, unlike other RNA viruses, reproduces by transcribing itself into DNA. An enzyme called reverse transcriptase allows a retrovirus's RNA to act as the…

circumcision

(Encyclopedia) circumcisioncircumcisionsûrˌkəmsĭzhˈən [key], operation to remove the foreskin covering the glans of the penis. It dates back to prehistoric times and was widespread throughout the…

hemophilia

(Encyclopedia) hemophiliahemophiliahēˌməfĭlˈēə, –fēlˈyə [key], genetic disease in which the clotting ability of the blood is impaired and excessive bleeding results. The disease is transmitted…

Nilsson, Lennart

(Encyclopedia) Nilsson, LennartNilsson, Lennartlĕnˈnärt nĭlˈsôn [key], 1922–2017, Swedish photographer who made pioneering microphotographs of embryos and the human body. Nilsson began his career as…

immunology

(Encyclopedia) immunology, branch of medicine that studies the response of organisms to foreign substances, e.g., viruses, bacteria, and bacterial toxins (see immunity). Immunologists study the…