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Mather, Increase

(Encyclopedia) Mather, Increase, 1639–1723, American Puritan clergyman, b. Dorchester, Mass.; son of Richard Mather. After graduation (1656) from Harvard, he studied at Trinity College, Dublin (M.A…

Orange History

The Question: In America there is Orange County, NY, named after Ulster Scots. In Northern Ireland, there's the Orange Order. In England, there was William…

James II, king of England, Scotland, and Ireland

(Encyclopedia) James II, 1633–1701, king of England, Scotland, and Ireland (1685–88); second son of Charles I, brother and successor of Charles II. James made an effort to restore himself by…

Covenanters

(Encyclopedia) CovenantersCovenanterskəvənănˈtərz [key], in Scottish history, groups of Presbyterians bound by oath to sustain each other in the defense of their religion. The first formal Covenant…

Stuart, James Francis Edward

(Encyclopedia) Stuart or Stewart, James Francis Edward, 1688–1766, claimant to the British throne, son of James II and Mary of Modena; called the Old Pretender. His birth, falsely rumored by Whigs at…

Queen Anne

Queen Anne was the queen of England, Scotland and Ireland during the War of Spanish Succession (1702-14), an era that lay the foundation for Britain's colonial power in the 18th century. The second…

John Locke

John Locke was a 17th-century English philosopher whose ideas formed the foundation of liberal democracy and greatly influenced both the American and French revolutions. His contributions to…

bicameral system

(Encyclopedia) bicameral systembicameral systembīkămˈərəl [key], governmental system dividing the legislative function between two chambers, an “upper,” such as the U.S. Senate and the British House…

Penal Laws

(Encyclopedia) Penal Laws, in English and Irish history, term generally applied to the body of discriminatory and oppressive legislation directed chiefly against Roman Catholics but also against…

Old Whig I

Old Whig Iby See also Federalist No. 49written by "AN OLD WHIG", and is taken from The New-York Journal of November 27, 1787.It appears to me that I was mistaken in supposing that we could so…