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Pirenne, Henri

(Encyclopedia) Pirenne, HenriPirenne, HenriäNrēˈ pērĕnˈ [key], 1862–1935, Belgian historian. He was for many years a professor of history at the Univ. of Ghent. A leader of Belgian passive resistance…

Vlissingen

(Encyclopedia) VlissingenVlissingenvlĭsˈĭng-ən [key] or FlushingVlissingenflŭshˈĭng [key], city (1994 pop. 44,211), Zeeland prov., SW Netherlands, on the southern coast of the former island of…

Francis Ferdinand

(Encyclopedia) Francis Ferdinand, 1863–1914, Austrian archduke, heir apparent (after 1889) of his uncle, Emperor Francis Joseph. In 1900 he married a Czech, Sophie Chotek. She was made duchess of…

Timoshenko, Semyon Konstantinovich

(Encyclopedia) Timoshenko, Semyon KonstantinovichTimoshenko, Semyon Konstantinovichsĭmyônˈ kənstəntyēˈnəvĭch tyēməshĕnˈkə [key], 1895–1970, Soviet marshal. He served in the civil war of 1918–20 as a…

Wilhelmina

(Encyclopedia) WilhelminaWilhelminavĭlˌhĕlmēˈnä [key], 1880–1962, queen of the Netherlands (1890–1948), daughter and successor of William III. Her mother, Emma of Waldeck-Pyrmont, was regent until…

Bazaine, Achille François

(Encyclopedia) Bazaine, Achille FrançoisBazaine, Achille Françoisäshēlˈ fräNswäˈ bäzănˈ [key], 1811–88, French army officer. He served in Algeria, Crimea, Lombardy, and Mexico, and in the Franco-…

Aetius, Roman general

(Encyclopedia) Aetius, c.396–454, Roman general. At first unfriendly to Valentinian III, he later made his peace with Valentinian's mother, Galla Placidia, and was given a command in Gaul. An…

bohrium

(Encyclopedia) bohriumbohriumbôrˈēəm [key], artificially produced radioactive chemical element; symbol Bh; at. no. 107; mass number of most stable isotope 270; m.p., b.p., sp. gr., and valence…

chemical warfare

(Encyclopedia) chemical warfare, employment in war of incendiaries, poison gases, and other chemical substances. Ancient armies attacking or defending fortified cities threw burning oil and fireballs…

Franco-Prussian War

(Encyclopedia) Franco-Prussian War or Franco-German War, 1870–71, conflict between France and Prussia that signaled the rise of German military power and imperialism. It was provoked by Otto von…