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Hamilton, James Douglas, 4th duke of

(Encyclopedia) Hamilton, James Douglas, 4th duke of, 1658–1712, Scottish nobleman. He served at the courts of Charles II and James II and remained, after his grudging acceptance of William III, a…

Cabrera, Ramón, conde de Morella

(Encyclopedia) Cabrera, Ramón, conde de MorellaCabrera, Ramón, conde de Morellarämōnˈ käbrāˈrä kōnˈdā dā mōˌrāˈlyä [key], 1806–77, Spanish Carlist general. Noted for his valor and cruelty during the…

Belle-Isle, Charles Louis Auguste Fouquet, duc de

(Encyclopedia) Belle-Isle, Charles Louis Auguste Fouquet, duc deBelle-Isle, Charles Louis Auguste Fouquet, duc deshärl lwē ōgüstˈ f&oomacr;kāˈ dük də bĕl-ēlˈ [key], 1684–1761, marshal of France…

Polish Succession, War of the

(Encyclopedia) Polish Succession, War of the, 1733–35. On the death (1733) of Augustus II of Poland, Stanislaus I sought to reascend the Polish throne. He was supported by his son-in-law, Louis XV of…

bicycle racing

(Encyclopedia) bicycle racing or cycling, an internationally popular sport conducted on closed courses or the open road. Track racing takes place at a velodrome, usually a banked 1,093.6 ft (.333 km…

Normandy

(Encyclopedia) NormandyNormandynôrˈməndē [key], Fr. NormandieNormandynôrmäNdēˈ [key], region and former province, NW France, bordering on the English Channel. It now includes five departments—Manche…

Mitterrand, François Maurice

(Encyclopedia) Mitterrand, François MauriceMitterrand, François MauricefräNswäˈ mōrēsˈ mētəräNˈ [key], 1916–96, French political leader, president of France, 1981–95. Initially a supporter of Pétain'…

Rochelle, La

(Encyclopedia) Rochelle, LaRochelle, Lalä rôshĕlˈ [key], city (1990 pop. 73,744), capital of Charente-Maritime dept., W France, on the Bay of Biscay. Industries include naval, aircraft, and…

Fashoda Incident

(Encyclopedia) Fashoda IncidentFashoda Incidentfəshōˈdə [key], 1898, diplomatic dispute between France and Great Britain. Toward the end of the 19th cent., while Britain was seeking to establish a…

Bibliothèque nationale

(Encyclopedia) Bibliothèque nationaleBibliothèque nationalebēblēōtĕkˈ näsyônälˈ [key], national library of France, in Paris, a government archive, and one of the foremost libraries of the world. It…