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American Federation of Teachers

(Encyclopedia) American Federation of Teachers (AFT), an affiliate of the AFL-CIO. It was formed (1916) out of the belief that the organizing of teachers should follow the model of a labor union,…

Port of Spain

(Encyclopedia) Port of Spain, city (1990 pop. 50,878), capital of Trinidad and Tobago, on the Gulf of Paria. It is the industrial and commercial center of the country. From 1958 to 1962, Port of…

Bax, Ernest Belfort

(Encyclopedia) Bax, Ernest Belfort, 1854–1926, English socialist philosopher. He studied music and philosophy in Germany. In England, influenced by Marxist and other radical thought, he became active…

Woods, Robert Archey

(Encyclopedia) Woods, Robert Archey, 1865–1925, American social worker, b. Pittsburgh, grad. Amherst, 1886. After six months at Toynbee Hall, London, he helped found (1891) the South End House,…

Woodsworth, James Shaver

(Encyclopedia) Woodsworth, James Shaver, 1874–1942, Canadian politician. Having done social welfare work while serving as a Methodist minister, he later gave up the ministry to devote himself wholly…

Haywood, William Dudley

(Encyclopedia) Haywood, William Dudley, 1869–1928, American labor leader, known as Big Bill Haywood, b. Salt Lake City, Utah. He began work as a miner at 15 years of age. In 1896 he joined the newly…

Perak

(Encyclopedia) PerakPerakpāˈrăk [key], state (1991 pop. 1,880,016), 8,030 sq mi (20,798 sq km), Malaysia, central Malay Peninsula, on the Strait of Malacca. Perak is bordered on the N by Thailand.…

Barrios, Justo Rufino

(Encyclopedia) Barrios, Justo RufinoBarrios, Justo Rufinoh&oomacr;ˈstō r&oomacr;fēˈnō bärˈyōs [key], c.1835–1885, president of Guatemala (1873–85). He took part in the successful revolution…

Parkes, Sir Henry

(Encyclopedia) Parkes, Sir Henry, 1815–96, Australian political leader, b. England. He emigrated to Australia in 1839 and later founded a newspaper, the Empire, to advocate responsible government and…

Gildersleeve, Virginia Crocheron

(Encyclopedia) Gildersleeve, Virginia Crocheron, 1877–1965, American educator, b. New York City, grad. Columbia (B.A., Barnard, 1899; Ph.D., 1908). She was professor of English at Barnard from 1900…