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Stern, Fritz Richard

(Encyclopedia) Stern, Fritz Richard, 1926–2016, American historian and educator, b. Breslau, Germany (now Wrocław, Poland), grad. Columbia (B.A., 1946; M.A., 1948; Ph.D., 1953). Although his family…

Cowper, William

(Encyclopedia) Cowper, WilliamCowper, Williamk&oomacr;ˈpər, kouˈ– [key], 1731–1800, English poet. Physically and emotionally unfit for the professional life, he was admitted to the bar but never…

Christophe, Henri

(Encyclopedia) Christophe, HenriChristophe, HenriäNrēˈ krēstôfˈ [key], 1767–1820, Haitian revolutionary leader. A freed black slave, he aided Toussaint Louverture in the liberation of Haiti and was…

Baudelaire, Charles

(Encyclopedia) Baudelaire, CharlesBaudelaire, Charlesshärl bōdlârˈ [key], 1821–67, French poet and critic. His poetry, classical in form, introduced symbolism (see symbolists) by establishing…

Appelfeld, Aharon

(Encyclopedia) Appelfeld, Aharon, 1932–2018, Israeli novelist, b. Cernauţi (Czernowitz), Romania (now Chernivtsi, Ukraine). His mother was killed during the Holocaust, and he and his father were sent…

Didion, Joan

(Encyclopedia) Didion, Joan Didion, Joan dĭdˈēŏn [key], 1934–2021, American writer, b. Sacramento, Calif., Univ. of…

Duras, Marguerite

(Encyclopedia) Duras, MargueriteDuras, Margueritemärgərētˈ düräsˈ [key], 1914–96, French author, b. Gia Dinh, Indochina (now Vietnam). Usually grouped with the exponents of the nouveau roman [new…

Moravia, Alberto

(Encyclopedia) Moravia, AlbertoMoravia, Albertoälbĕrˈtō mōräˈvyä [key], 1907–90, Italian novelist, b. Alberto Pincherle; husband of Elsa Morante. Moravia is considered one of the foremost 20th-…

Tristram and Isolde

(Encyclopedia) Tristram and IsoldeTristram and Isoldetrĭsˈtrəm, ĭsōlˈdə, ĭzōlˈ– [key], medieval romance. The earliest extant version (incomplete) was written (c.1185) by Thomas of Britain in Anglo-…

Ovid

(Encyclopedia) Ovid (Publius Ovidius Naso)Ovidŏvˈĭd [key], 43 b.c.–a.d. 18, Latin poet, b. Sulmo (present-day Sulmona), in the Apennines. Although trained for the law, he preferred the company of the…