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Cretaceous period

(Encyclopedia) Cretaceous periodCretaceous periodkrĭtāˈshəs [key], third and last period of the Mesozoic era of geologic time (see Geologic Timescale, tablegeologic timescale, table), lasting from…

Geology of the Grand Canyon: The Cretaceous.

THE EOCENE.THE JURASSIC.THE CRETACEOUS.The platform immediately below the Pink Cliffs is picturesque rather than grand. Rough rolling ridges of yellow sandstone, long sloping hillsides and…

mass extinction

(Encyclopedia) mass extinction, the extinction of a large percentage of the earth's species, opening ecological niches for other species to fill. There have been at least ten such events. The five…

Paleocene epoch

(Encyclopedia) Paleocene epochPaleocene epochpāˈlēəsēnˌ [key], first epoch of the Tertiary period in the Cenozoic era of geologic time (see geologic timescale) between 60 to 66 million years ago. In…

pterosaur

(Encyclopedia) pterosaurpterosaurtĕrˈəsôrˌ [key] [Gr., = winged lizard], extinct flying reptile (commonly called pterodactyl [Gr., = wing finger]) of the order Pterosauria, common in the late…

Marsh, Othniel Charles

(Encyclopedia) Marsh, Othniel Charles, 1831–99, American paleontologist, b. Lockport, N.Y., grad. Yale, 1860. He studied abroad, and from 1866 served at Yale as the first professor of paleontology…

chalk

(Encyclopedia) chalk, mineral of calcium carbonate, similar in composition to limestone, but softer. It is characteristically a marine formation and sometimes occurs in great thickness; the chief…

Triceratops

(Encyclopedia) TriceratopsTriceratopstrīsĕrˈətŏps [key] [Gr., = three-horn face], genus of ornithischian quadruped dinosaurs of the late Cretaceous period. Because of some variations in sample…

Iguanodon

(Encyclopedia) IguanodonIguanodonĭgwănˈədŏn [key] [Gr., = iguana tooth], herbivorous ornithiscian dinosaur, characterized by teeth similar to those of the iguana, a horny beak, spikelike thumbs, and…