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Hogarth, William

(Encyclopedia) Hogarth, William, 1697–1764, English painter, satirist, engraver, and art theorist, b. London. At the age of 15 he was apprenticed to a silver-plate engraver. He soon made engravings…

hardening

(Encyclopedia) hardening, in metallurgy, treatment of metals to increase their resistance to penetration. A metal is harder when it has small grains, which result when the metal is cooled rapidly.…

Anhui

(Encyclopedia) Anhui or Anhwei Anhwei both: änˈhwāˈ [key], province, c.55,000 sq mi (142,450 sq km), E central China. Hefei is the capital. Anhui may be divided into two climatic…

Balkan Peninsula

(Encyclopedia) Balkan Peninsula, southeasternmost peninsula of Europe, c.200,000 sq mi (518,000 sq km), bounded by the Black Sea, Sea of Marmara, Aegean Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Ionian Sea, and…

ruthenium

(Encyclopedia) rutheniumrutheniumr&oomacr;thēˈnēəm [key], metallic chemical element; symbol Ru; at. no. 44; at. wt. 101.07; m.p. about 2,310℃; b.p. about 3,900℃; sp. gr. 12.41 at 20℃; valence…

rhenium

(Encyclopedia) rheniumrheniumrēˈnēəm [key], metallic chemical element; symbol Re; at. no. 75; at. wt. 186.207; m.p. about 3,180℃; b.p. about 5,625℃; sp. gr. 21.02 at 20℃; valence −1, +2, +3, +4, +5…

Shenyang

(Encyclopedia) ShenyangShenyangshŭn-yäng [key], formerly MukdenShenyangm&oomacr;kˈdŭn [key], city (1994 est. pop. 3,762,000), capital of Liaoning prov., NE China, on the Hun River. It is China's…

palladium, chemical element

(Encyclopedia) palladium [Gr. Pallas, goddess of wisdom], metallic chemical element; symbol Pd; at. no. 46; at. wt. 106.42; m.p. 1,554℃; b.p. 2,970℃; sp. gr. 12.02 at 20℃; valence +2, +3, or +4.…

Cornwall, county, England

(Encyclopedia) Cornwall, county, SW England, administratively (since 2009) a unitary authority. Bodmin was the county seat, but the local government is…

fungicide

(Encyclopedia) fungicidefungicidefŭnˈjəsīdˌ, fŭngˈgə– [key], any substance used to destroy fungi. Some fungi are extremely damaging to crops (see diseases of plants), and others cause diseases in…