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photoelectric effect

(Encyclopedia) photoelectric effect, emission of electrons by substances, especially metals, when light falls on their surfaces. The effect was discovered by H. R. Hertz in 1887. The failure of the…

image

(Encyclopedia) image, in optics, likeness or counterpart of an object produced when rays of light coming from that object are reflected from a mirror or are refracted by a lens. An image of an object…

Seignobos, Charles

(Encyclopedia) Seignobos, CharlesSeignobos, Charlesshärlˈ sānyōbōˈ [key], 1854–1942, French historian. He taught at the Univ. of Paris and wrote many works on French and European history and…

tachyon

(Encyclopedia) tachyontachyontăkˈēŏnˌ [key], hypothetical elementary particle that travels only at speeds exceeding that of light. According to the theory of relativity, the speed of light is the…

Kwanzaa

(Encyclopedia) Kwanzaa or KwanzaKwanzaboth: kwänˈzə [key], secular seven-day festival in celebration of the African heritage of African Americans, beginning on Dec. 26. Developed by Maulana Karenga…

Richardson, Henry Handel

(Encyclopedia) Richardson, Henry Handel, pseud. of Ethel Richardson Robertson, 1870–1946, Australian novelist, b. Melbourne. Her years of study at the Presbyterian Ladies' College, Melbourne, were…

refraction

(Encyclopedia) refraction, in physics, deflection of a wave on passing obliquely from one transparent medium into a second medium in which its speed is different, as the passage of a light ray from…

Nakamura, Shuji

(Encyclopedia) Nakamura, Shuji, 1954–, Japanese physicist and electronics engineer, grad. Univ. of Tokushima (D.Eng., 1994). Nakamura joined the Nichia Corporation in 1977, and it was there that he…

Porter, George, Baron Porter of Luddenham

(Encyclopedia) Porter, George, Baron Porter of Luddenham, 1920–2002, British chemist, b. Stainforth, England, grad. Leeds Univ., Ph.D. Cambridge, 1949. After serving as a radar officer during World…