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Adelard of Bath

(Encyclopedia) Adelard of BathAdelard of Bathădˈəlärd [key], fl. 12th cent., English scholastic philosopher, celebrated for his study of Arabic learning. He translated Euclid from Arabic into Latin.…

Abd al-Malik

(Encyclopedia) Abd al-MalikAbd al-Malikäbˌd&oobreve;l-mälĭkˈ [key], c.646–705, 5th Umayyad caliph (685–705); son of Marwan I. At his accession, Islam was torn by dissension and threatened by the…

Hamasa

(Encyclopedia) HamasaHamasahämäˈsä, həmäˈsə [key] [Arab.,=valor], one of the great anthologies of Arabic literature. It was gathered together in the 9th cent. by Abu Tammam when he was snowbound in…

Mufaddaliyat

(Encyclopedia) MufaddaliyatMufaddaliyatm&oomacr;fäˌdälēätˈ [key] or MofaddaliyatMofaddaliyatmō– [key], great Arabic anthology compiled by the celebrated philologist Al Mufaddal ad-Dabbi (d. c.775…

Arabs

(Encyclopedia) Arabs, name originally applied to the Semitic peoples of the Arabian Peninsula. It now refers to those persons whose primary language is Arabic. They constitute most of the population…

Turkish language

(Encyclopedia) Turkish language, member of the Turkic subdivision of the Altaic subfamily of the Ural-Altaic family of languages (see Uralic and Altaic languages). Turkish is the official language of…

Abu'l Hasan al-Uqlidisi

(Encyclopedia) Abu'l Hasan al-Uqlidisi, c. a.d. 920–c. a.d. 980, Arab mathematician working in Damascus and Baghdad. He wrote (952–53) a treatise on arithmetic and Arabic numerals that is the first…

Allah

(Encyclopedia) AllahAllahălˈə, äˈlə [key], [Arab.,=the God]. Derived from an old Semitic root refering to the Divine and used in the Canaanite El, the Mesopotamian ilu, and the biblical Elohim, the…

al-

(Encyclopedia) al-. For some Arabic names beginning thus, see the second part of the name; e.g., for Anwar al-Sadat, see Sadat, Anwar al-.