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swim bladder

(Encyclopedia) swim bladder, large, thin-walled sac in some fishes that may function in several ways, e.g., as a buoyant float, a sound producer and receptor, and a respiratory organ. The swim…

Morgan, Thomas Hunt

(Encyclopedia) Morgan, Thomas Hunt, 1866–1945, American zoologist, b. Lexington, Ky., Ph.D. Johns Hopkins, 1890. He was professor of experimental zoology at Columbia (1904–28) and from 1928 was…

Myerson, Roger Bruce

(Encyclopedia) Myerson, Roger Bruce, 1951–, American economist, b. Boston, Mass., Ph.D. Harvard, 1976. He has taught at Northwestern Univ. (1976–2001) and the Univ. of Chicago (2001–). With Leonid…

Cooper, Leon Neil

(Encyclopedia) Cooper, Leon Neil, 1930–, American neuroscientist, b. New York City, Ph.D. Columbia, 1954. Cooper was a researcher at the Univ. of Illinois from 1955 to 1957 and at Ohio State Univ.…

valve

(Encyclopedia) valve, device for controlling the flow of fluids (liquids and gases). Valves vary in construction and size depending upon their function. Some are classified according to their method…

vomiting

(Encyclopedia) vomiting, ejection of food and other matter from the stomach through the mouth, often preceded by nausea. The process is initiated by stimulation of the vomiting center of the brain by…

Südhof, Thomas Christian

(Encyclopedia) Südhof, Thomas Christian, 1955–, German-American biochemist. M.D., b. Göttingen, Germany, Ph.D. Georgia Augusta Univ., Göttingen, 1982. Südhof joined the faculty at the Univ. of Texas…

Steinman, Ralph Marvin

(Encyclopedia) Steinman, Ralph Marvin, 1943–2011, Canadian biologist, M.D. Harvard Medical School, 1968. He was a researcher and professor at Rockefeller Univ., New York City, from 1970 until his…

spinet

(Encyclopedia) spinet, musical instrument of the harpsichord family. Although the terms virginal and spinet, interchangeable until the end of the 17th cent., were sometimes used indiscriminately to…

Ratcliffe, Sir Peter John

(Encyclopedia) Ratcliffe, Sir Peter John, 1954–, British cellular and molecular biologist, M.D., Cambridge, 1987. He has been a researcher at Oxford since 1987. Ratcliffe, along with William Kaelin…