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Van Cortlandt, Jacobus

(Encyclopedia) Van Cortlandt, JacobusVan Cortlandt, Jacobusjəkōˈbəs văn kôrtˈlənd [key], 1658–1739, colonial American merchant, b. New Amsterdam (later New York City); brother of Stephen Van…

Lingelbach, Johannes

(Encyclopedia) Lingelbach, JohannesLingelbach, Johannesyōhäˈnəs lĭngˈəlbäkhˌ [key], 1622–74, Dutch genre and landscape painter, b. Frankfurt am Main. He first went to Amsterdam in 1637 and settled…

Liotard, Jean-Étienne

(Encyclopedia) Liotard, Jean-ÉtienneLiotard, Jean-ÉtiennezhäN ātyĕnˈ lyôtärˈ [key], 1702–89, Swiss painter. He is best known for his portraits and drawings in pastel, but he also made portraits in…

Mengelberg, Willem

(Encyclopedia) Mengelberg, Willem (Josef Willem Mengelberg)Mengelberg, Willemyōˈzəf vĭlˈəm mĕngˈəlbĕrk [key], 1871–1951, Dutch conductor. Conductor of the Amsterdam Concertgebouw Orchestra (1895–1945…

Helst, Bartholomeus van der

(Encyclopedia) Helst, Bartholomeus van derHelst, Bartholomeus van derbärˌtōlōmāˈəs vän dər hĕlst [key], 1613–70, Dutch portrait painter. In Amsterdam the wealthy citizens preferred his flattering,…

Bredero, Gerbrand Adriaenszoon

(Encyclopedia) Bredero, Gerbrand AdriaenszoonBredero, Gerbrand Adriaenszoonhĕrˈbränt ädrēänˈzōn brāˈdĕrō [key], 1585–1618, Dutch dramatist and poet. He is considered the major Dutch poet of his…

Kienholz, Edward

(Encyclopedia) Kienholz, EdwardKienholz, Edwardkēnˈhóltz [key], 1927–94, American sculptor, b. Fairfield, Wash. He moved to Los Angeles in 1953 and was a painter until the late 1950s, when he began…

Andriessen, Louis

(Encyclopedia) Andriessen, Louis, 1939-2021, leading Dutch modern composer, b. Utrecht. Andriessen was born into a musical family; his father was a composer/organist who directed the…

Potgieter, Everhardus Johannes

(Encyclopedia) Potgieter, Everhardus JohannesPotgieter, Everhardus Johannesāvərhärˈdəs yōhänˈəs pôtˈgētər [key], 1808–75, Dutch critic, essayist, and poet. He was the first editor (1837–65) of and a…

Lairesse, Gerard de

(Encyclopedia) Lairesse, Gerard deLairesse, Gerard degāˈrärt də lārĕsˈ [key], 1641–1711, Flemish painter of allegorical and religious subjects, b. Liège. Most of his life was spent in Holland, where…