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Scotland, Free Church of

(Encyclopedia) Scotland, Free Church of, the secessionist Presbyterian church established as a result of the great disruption of 1843 in the Church of Scotland. The cause of the separation lay in the…

Spectator

(Encyclopedia) Spectator, English daily periodical published jointly by Joseph Addison and Richard Steele with occasional contributions from other writers. It succeeded the Tatler, a periodical begun…

Godolphin, Sidney Godolphin, 1st earl of

(Encyclopedia) Godolphin, Sidney Godolphin, 1st earl ofGodolphin, Sidney Godolphin, 1st earl ofgədŏlˈfĭn [key], 1645–1712, English statesman. He early established a lasting friendship with John…

Stradivari, Antonio

(Encyclopedia) Stradivari, AntonioStradivari, Antonioäntôˈnyō strädēväˈrē [key], or Antonius StradivariusStradivari, Antonioăntōˈnēəs strădĭvârˈēəs [key], 1644–1737, Italian violin maker of Cremona;…

Cassini

(Encyclopedia) CassiniCassinikäs-sēˈnē [key], name of a family of Italian-French astronomers, four generations of whom were directors of the Paris Observatory. Gian Domenico Cassini, 1625–1712, was…

Montcalm, Louis Joseph de

(Encyclopedia) Montcalm, Louis Joseph deMontcalm, Louis Joseph demŏntkämˈ, Fr. lwē zhôzĕfˈ də môNkälmˈ [key], 1712–59, French general. His name in fuller form was Louis Joseph de Montcalm-Gozon,…

Saint-Simon, Louis de Rouvroy, duc de

(Encyclopedia) Saint-Simon, Louis de Rouvroy, duc deSaint-Simon, Louis de Rouvroy, duc delwē də r&oomacr;vrwäˈ dük [key]Saint-Simon, Louis de Rouvroy, duc de də săN-sēmôNˈ [key], 1675–1755,…

George Frideric Handel

Name at birth: Georg Friedrich HändelG. F. Handel was one of the greatest European composers during the Baroque period of the 18th century, celebrated for his oratorio Messiah. He composed operas in…

Timeline: Russian Culture, Part II

Part II: Peter's Revolution and Aftermath     1703 1712 1714 1715 1726 1735 1736 1755 Next: The Golden Age       1703 Peter I (the Great)…