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Laird, Melvin Robert

(Encyclopedia) Laird, Melvin Robert, 1922–2016, American politician, U.S. secretary of defense (1969–73), b. Omaha, Nebr. After serving (1942–46) in the navy during World War II, he entered politics…

hooks, bell

(Encyclopedia) hooks, bell, 1952–2021, American author, poet, social critic, and Black feminist, b. Hopkinsville, Ky., as Gloria Jean Watkins, Stanford…

primary

(Encyclopedia) primary, in the United States, a preliminary election in which the candidate of a party is nominated directly by the voters. The establishment of the primary system resulted from the…

Nauman, Bruce

(Encyclopedia) Nauman, BruceNauman, Brucenouˈmən [key], 1941–, American artist, b. Fort Wayne, Ind., B.A. Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison (1964), M.F.A. Univ. of California, Davis (1966). One of the most…

violet

(Encyclopedia) violet, common name for some members of the Violaceae, a family of chiefly perennial herbs (and sometimes shrubs, small trees, or climbers) found on all continents. Violets, including…

Strang, James Jesse

(Encyclopedia) Strang, James JesseStrang, James Jessestrăng [key], 1813–56, American Mormon leader, b. Cayuga co., N.Y. A lawyer, teacher, and newspaperman, he migrated in 1843 to Wisconsin, was…

Miami, indigenous people of North America

(Encyclopedia) MiamiMiamimīămˈē, –ə [key], group of Native Americans of the Algonquian branch of the Algonquian-Wakashan linguistic stock (see Native American languages). They shared the cultural…

Illinois, indigenous people of North America

(Encyclopedia) IllinoisIllinoisĭlˌənoiˈ, –noizˈ [key], confederation of Native North Americans, comprising the Cahokia, the Kaskaskia, the Michigamea, the Moingwena, the Peoria, and the Tamaroa…

Halprin, Lawrence

(Encyclopedia) Halprin, Lawrence, 1916-2009, American landscape architect and urban designer, b. Brooklyn, N.Y., Cornell Univ (B.S., 1939), Univ. of…

Jolliet, Louis

(Encyclopedia) Jolliet or Joliet, LouisJolliet or Joliet, Louisboth: jōˈlēĕtˌ, jōˌlēĕtˈ, Fr. lwē zhôlyāˈ [key], 1645–1700, French explorer, joint discoverer with Jacques Marquette of the upper…