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Britton, John

(Encyclopedia) Britton, John, 1771–1857, English antiquary and topographer. The long list of his writings includes biographies, critical works on art and literature, and the descriptions of…

Börne, Karl Ludwig

(Encyclopedia) Börne, Karl LudwigBörne, Karl Ludwigl&oobreve;tˈvĭkh börˈnə [key], 1786–1837, German journalist, of Jewish origin. His original name was Löb Baruch. He studied medicine and…

Yosano, Akiko

(Encyclopedia) Yosano, AkikoYosano, Akikoäˈkēˈkō yōˈsäˈnō [key], 1878–1942, Japanese poet, activist, and critic. Best known for passionately romantic verse, she infused the classic tanka poetic form…

Benbow, William

(Encyclopedia) Benbow, William, fl. 1825–40, English pamphleteer and publisher. He is known especially as the author (c.1832) of the Grand National Holiday; or, Congress of the Productive Classes,…

Sanger, Margaret Higgins

(Encyclopedia) Sanger, Margaret Higgins, 1879–1966, American leader in the birth control movement, b. Corning, N.Y. Personal experience and work as a public-health nurse, much of it on New York City'…

Babism

(Encyclopedia) BabismBabismbäˈbĭzəm [key], system of doctrines proclaimed in Persia in 1844 by Ali Muhammad of Shiraz. Influenced by the Shaykhi Shiite theology that viewed the Twelve Imams as…

art nouveau

(Encyclopedia) art nouveauart nouveauärˌ n&oomacr;vōˈ [key], decorative-art movement centered in Western Europe. It began in the 1880s as a reaction against the historical emphasis of mid-19th-…

Nu, U

(Encyclopedia) Nu, UNu, U&oomacr; n&oomacr; [key], 1907–95, Burmese political leader, prime minister of Burma (1948–56, 1957–58, 1960–62). A nationalist, he was expelled by the British…

Old Catholics

(Encyclopedia) Old Catholics, Christian denomination established by German Catholics who separated themselves from the Roman Catholic Church when they rejected (1870) the decrees of the First Vatican…

Martí, José

(Encyclopedia) Martí, JoséMartí, Joséhōsāˈ märtēˈ [key], 1853–95, Cuban essayist, poet, and patriot, leader of the Cuban struggle for independence. One of the greatest prose writers of Spanish…