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imperialism

(Encyclopedia) imperialism, broadly, the extension of rule or influence by one government, nation, or society over another. Imperialism was reborn in the West with the emergence of the modern…

Germanic laws

(Encyclopedia) Germanic laws, customary law codes of the Germans before their contact with the Romans. They are unknown to us except through casual references of ancient authors and inferences from…

trade

(Encyclopedia) trade, traffic in goods. Conducted by gift, barter, or sale, trade is one of the most widespread of all social institutions. The theory of commerce as imposed by the national state…

court

(Encyclopedia) court, in law, official body charged with administering justice. The term is also applied to the judge or judges who fill the office and to the courtroom itself. Courts come into…

Germanic religion

(Encyclopedia) Germanic religion, pre-Christian religious practices among the tribes of Western Europe, Germany, and Scandinavia. The main sources for our knowledge are the Germania of Tacitus and…

Gothic architecture and art

(Encyclopedia) Gothic architecture and art, structures (largely cathedrals and churches) and works of art first created in France in the 12th cent. that spread throughout Western Europe through the…

France Department of State Background

U.S. Department of State Background Note France Index: People History Political Conditions Foreign Relations U.S.-French Relations PEOPLESince prehistoric times, France has been a crossroads of…

law

(Encyclopedia) law, rules of conduct of any organized society, however simple or small, that are enforced by threat of punishment if they are violated. Modern law has a wide sweep and regulates many…