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Anfinsen, Christian Boehmer

(Encyclopedia) Anfinsen, Christian Boehmer, 1916–95, American biochemist, b. Monessen, Pa., Ph.D. Harvard Medical School, 1943. He spent the early years of his career in brief research and fellowship…

Williamson, Oliver Eaton

(Encyclopedia) Williamson, Oliver Eaton, 1932–2020, American economist, b. Superior, Wis., Ph.D. Carnegie-Mellon Univ., 1963. He served on the faculties of Univ. of California, Berkeley (1963–65,…

Berzelius, Jöns Jakob, Baron

(Encyclopedia) Berzelius, Jöns Jakob, BaronBerzelius, Jöns Jakob, Baronbərzēˈlēəs; Swed. yöns yäˈkôp bĕrsāˈlĭəs [key], 1779–1848, Swedish chemist, M.D. Univ. of Uppsala, 1802. He was noted for his…

Stair, James Dalrymple, 1st Viscount

(Encyclopedia) Stair, James Dalrymple, 1st ViscountStair, James Dalrymple, 1st Viscountdălrĭmˈpəl, dălˈrĭmpəl [key], 1619–95, Scottish jurist. A student and then a regent of the Univ. of Glasgow, he…

Stark, Johannes

(Encyclopedia) Stark, Johannes, 1874–1957, German physicist, Ph.D. Univ. of Munich, 1897. From 1900 until he retired in 1922, Stark served short stints on the faculties of several academic…

Strachan, John

(Encyclopedia) Strachan, JohnStrachan, Johnstrôn [key], 1778–1867, Canadian Anglican prelate, b. Scotland. As a member of the executive council of Upper Canada (1815–36) and of the legislative…

philanthropy

(Encyclopedia) philanthropy, the spirit of active goodwill toward others as demonstrated in efforts to promote their welfare. The term is often used interchangeably with charity. Every year vast sums…

vivisection

(Encyclopedia) vivisectionvivisectionvĭvˌĭsĕkˈshən [key], dissection of living animals for experimental purposes. The use of the term in recent years has been expanded to include all experimentation…

Mitchell, Wesley Clair

(Encyclopedia) Mitchell, Wesley Clair, 1874–1948, American economist, b. Rushville, Ill. He received his Ph.D. (1899) from the Univ. of Chicago, where he studied under Thorstein Veblen and John Dewey…

Mongan, Marie

(Encyclopedia) Mongan, Marie, 1933-2019, American natural childbirth advocate, b. San Diego, Ca., as Marie Madeline Flanagan, Plymouth State Univ. (B…