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closed shop and open shop

(Encyclopedia) closed shop and open shop. The term “closed shop” is used to signify an establishment employing only members of a labor union. The union shop, a closely allied term, indicates a…

Koštunica, Vojislav

(Encyclopedia) Koštunica, VojislavKoštunica, Vojislavvoiˈsläv kôsht&oomacr;ˈnētsä [key], 1944–, Serbian politician, president of Yugoslavia (2000–3) and prime minister of Serbia (2004–8) b.…

Liberal Democrats, British political party

(Encyclopedia) Liberal Democrats, British political party created in 1988 by the merger of the Liberal party with the Social Democratic party; the party was initially called the Social and Liberal…

Nadir Shah

(Encyclopedia) Nadir Shah or Nader ShahNader Shahboth: näˈdēr shä [key], 1688–1747, shah of Iran (1736–47), sometimes considered the last of the great Asian conquerors. He was a member of the Afshar…

Reiner, Carl

(Encyclopedia) Reiner, Carl, 1922-2020, American comedian, television producer, actor, and film director, b. Bronx, N.Y. The son of a watchmaker,…

election

(Encyclopedia) election, choosing a candidate for office in an organization by the vote of those enfranchised to cast a ballot. In the United States, Canada, Mexico, Great Britain, and many other…

electoral college

(Encyclopedia) electoral college, in U.S. government, the body of electors that chooses the president and vice president. The Constitution, in Article 2, Section 1, provides: “Each State shall…

Clinton, Bill

(Encyclopedia) Clinton, Bill (William Jefferson Clinton), 1946–, 42d President of the United States (1993–2001), b. Hope, Ark. His father died before he was born, and he was originally named William…

East Timor

(Encyclopedia) East Timor East Timor tēˈmôr [key] or Timor-Leste East Timor…

Alcibiades

(Encyclopedia) AlcibiadesAlcibiadesălsĭbīˈədēz [key], c.450–404 b.c., Athenian statesman and general. Of the family of Alcmaeonidae, he was a ward of Pericles and was for many years a devoted…