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Charles I, king of Portugal

(Encyclopedia) Charles I, 1863–1908, king of Portugal (1889–1908), son and successor of Louis I. A cultured man, learned in language and oceanography, Charles had little opportunity to display his…

Abd el-Krim

(Encyclopedia) Abd el-KrimAbd el-Krimäbˌdĕl-krĭmˈ [key], 1882?–1963, leader of the Rif tribes of Morocco, called in full Muhammad Ibn Abd al-Karim al-Khattabi. An important figure in the…

Frederick I, elector of Brandenburg

(Encyclopedia) Frederick I, 1371–1440, elector of Brandenburg (1415–40), first of the Hohenzollerns (see Hohenzollern, family) to rule Brandenburg. As Frederick VI, burgrave of Nuremburg, he served…

Frasconi, Antonio

(Encyclopedia) Frasconi, AntonioFrasconi, Antonioäntōˈnyō fräskōˈnē [key], 1919–2013, American graphic artist, b. Buenos Aires. His family moved to Uruguay weeks after his birth. Frasconi immigrated…

Fechner, Gustav Theodor

(Encyclopedia) Fechner, Gustav TheodorFechner, Gustav Theodorg&oobreve;sˈtäf tāˈōdōr fĕkhˈnər [key], 1801–87, German philosopher and physicist, founder of psychophysics, educated at Dresden and…

Braganza

(Encyclopedia) BraganzaBraganzabrəgänˈzä [key], royal house that ruled Portugal from 1640 to 1910 and Brazil from 1822 to 1889. It took its name from the castle of Braganza or Bragança. The line was…

Bonifácio, José

(Encyclopedia) Bonifácio, JoséBonifácio, Josézh&oomacr;zāˈ bônēfäˈsēō [key], 1763–1838, Brazilian statesman and scientist. He studied in Europe and gained international fame as a geologist before…

Bytom

(Encyclopedia) BytomBytombĭˈtôm [key], Ger. Beuthen, city (1994 est. pop. 232,400), Śląskie prov., SW Poland, in the Katowice mining region. An important heavy industrial center, it has iron- and…

Cetshwayo

(Encyclopedia) Cetshwayo,&sp;KetchwayoCetshwayo,both: kĕchwīˈō [key], or CetewayoCetshwayo,sĕtĭwāˈō, –wīˈō, kĕ– [key], c.1836–1884, king of the Zulus. Cetshwayo gained ascendancy in 1856, when he…

Bouillon

(Encyclopedia) Bouillon, town, Luxembourg prov., SE Belgium, in the Ardennes on the Semois River, near the French border. It is a small manufacturing…