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Philidor, François-André Danican

(Encyclopedia) Philidor, François-André Danican, 1726–95, French chess player and composer, b. Dreux. The last in a line of well-known 17th- and 18th-century musicians, he was a celebrated composer,…

Vreeland, Diana

(Encyclopedia) Vreeland, Diana, 1906–89, American fashion editor and consultant, b. Paris as Diana Dalziel. In 1937, she joined Harper's Bazaar, becoming fashion editor in 1939. In 1963, she moved to…

Fouillée, Alfred Jules Emile

(Encyclopedia) Fouillée, Alfred Jules EmileFouillée, Alfred Jules Emileälfrĕdˈ zhül āmēlˈ f&oomacr;yāˈ [key], 1838–1912, self-educated French philosopher and sociologist. Until 1875, when he…

Gajdusek, Daniel Carleton

(Encyclopedia) Gajdusek, Daniel CarletonGajdusek, Daniel Carletongīdˈəshĕkˌ [key], 1923–2008, American virologist, b. Yonkers, N.Y., grad. Univ. of Rochester; M.D. Harvard, 1945. He worked in the…

tannin

(Encyclopedia) tannin,&sp;tannic acid, or gallotannic acid, astringent vegetable product found in a wide variety of plants. Sources include the bark of oak, hemlock, chestnut, and mangrove; the…

Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm

(Encyclopedia) Nietzsche, Friedrich WilhelmNietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelmfrēˈdrĭkh vĭlˈhĕlm nēˈchə [key], 1844–1900, German philosopher, b. Röcken, Prussia. The son of a clergyman, Nietzsche studied…

Marbury v. Madison

(Encyclopedia) Marbury v. Madison, case decided in 1803 by the U.S. Supreme Court. William Marbury had been commissioned justice of the peace in the District of Columbia by President John Adams in…

Maginot Line

(Encyclopedia) Maginot LineMaginot Linemăzhˈĭnō, Fr. mäzhēnōˈ [key], system of fortifications along the eastern frontier of France, extending from the Swiss border to the Belgian. It was named for…

Lamar, Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus

(Encyclopedia) Lamar, Lucius Quintus CincinnatusLamar, Lucius Quintus Cincinnatusl&oomacr;ˈshəs kwĭntəs sĭnˌsĭnătˈəs [key], 1825–93, American statesman, b. Putnam co., Ga. He practiced law in…

loran

(Encyclopedia) loranloranlôrˈănˌ [key], long-range, accurate radio navigational system used by a ship or aircraft to confirm or to determine its geographical position. The term loran is derived from…