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borstal system

(Encyclopedia) borstal systemborstal systembôrˈstəl [key], rehabilitation method formerly used in Great Britain for delinquent boys aged 16 to 21. The idea originated (1895) with the Gladstone…

Carpenter, Mary

(Encyclopedia) Carpenter, Mary, 1807–77, English educator. She devoted her life to the establishment of schools and institutions and the promotion of educational reforms. In 1835 she organized the…

Warren, Charles

(Encyclopedia) Warren, Charles, 1868–1954, American lawyer and historian, b. Boston. He was admitted to the Massachusetts bar in 1892. An assistant U.S. Attorney General (1914–18), he served as a…

Welsh Marches

(Encyclopedia) Welsh Marches, lands in Wales along the English border. After the Norman conquest of England in the 11th cent., William I established the border earldoms of Chester, Shrewsbury, and…

Parkes, Sir Henry

(Encyclopedia) Parkes, Sir Henry, 1815–96, Australian political leader, b. England. He emigrated to Australia in 1839 and later founded a newspaper, the Empire, to advocate responsible government and…

Oliver, Andrew

(Encyclopedia) Oliver, Andrew, 1706–74, lieutenant governor of colonial Massachusetts (1771–73), b. Boston. Oliver was elected to the provincial council in 1746 and later served as secretary of the…

Robinson, Joseph Taylor

(Encyclopedia) Robinson, Joseph Taylor, 1872–1937, U.S. legislator, b. Lonoke co., Ark. He was admitted (1895) to the bar and served (1903–13) in the U.S. House of Representatives. In 1913 he became…

Richberg, Donald Randall

(Encyclopedia) Richberg, Donald Randall, 1881–1960, American public official, b. Knoxville, Tenn. He practiced law in Chicago, served as attorney for the city and for Illinois, and became nationally…

Jim Crow laws

(Encyclopedia) Jim Crow laws, in U.S. history, statutes enacted by Southern states and municipalities, beginning in the 1880s, that legalized segregation between blacks and whites. The name is…

embargo

(Encyclopedia) embargoembargoĕmbärˈgō [key], prohibition by a country of the departure of ships or certain types of goods from its ports. Instances of confining all domestic ships to port are rare,…