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Sullivan, John Lawrence

(Encyclopedia) Sullivan, John Lawrence, 1858–1918, American boxer, b. Roxbury, Mass. After gaining a local reputation in amateur boxing, the Boston Strong Boy, as Sullivan came to be called, toured…

Gregory XIII

(Encyclopedia) Gregory XIII, 1502–85, pope (1572–85), an Italian named Ugo Buoncompagni, b. Bologna; successor of St. Pius V. He is best known for his work on the calendar, and the reformed calendar…

Blanqui, Louis Auguste

(Encyclopedia) Blanqui, Louis AugusteBlanqui, Louis Augustelwē ôgüstˈ [key], 1805–81, French revolutionary and radical thinker. While a student in Paris, he joined (1824) a branch of the Carbonari, a…

Kentucky, state, United States

(Encyclopedia) CE5 KentuckyKentuckykəntŭkˈē, kĭn– [key], state of the SE central United States. It is bordered by West Virginia and Virginia (E); Tennessee (S); the Mississippi River, across which…

Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)

Historical BackgroundBy the mid-1850s, sectional conflict over the extension of slavery into the Western territories threatened to tear the nation apart. The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854…

Calhoun, John Caldwell

(Encyclopedia) Calhoun, John CaldwellCalhoun, John Caldwellkălˌh&oomacr;nˈ [key], 1782–1850, American statesman and political philosopher, b. near Abbeville, S.C., grad. Yale, 1804. He was an…

state flowers

(Encyclopedia) state flowers. Each state of the United States has designated, usually by legislative action, one flower as its floral emblem; the rose has been designated by Congress as the national…

Smith, Bessie

(Encyclopedia) Smith, Bessie, 1894–1937, American singer, b. Chattanooga, Tenn. About 1910 Smith became the protégée of Gertrude (Ma) Rainey, one of…

Pope, John

(Encyclopedia) Pope, John, 1822–92, Union general in the American Civil War, b. Louisville, Ky. He fought with distinction at Monterrey and Buena Vista in the Mexican War and later served with the…