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Randolph College

(Encyclopedia) Randolph College, at Lynchburg, Va.; United Methodist; est. 1891 as Randolph-Macon Woman's College, opened 1893, renamed and coeducational since 2007. Until 1953 it had a shared…

Playfair, John

(Encyclopedia) Playfair, John, 1748–1819, Scottish mathematician, physicist, and geologist. He was educated at St. Andrews and Edinburgh and taught first mathematics and then physics and astronomy at…

Haavelmo, Trygve

(Encyclopedia) Haavelmo, TrygveHaavelmo, Trygvetrügˈvə hävelmō [key], 1911–99, Norwegian economist. In the 1940s, he was a pioneer in the field of econometrics, using mathematics and statistics in…

Mills College

(Encyclopedia) Mills College, at Oakland, Calif.; for women; est. 1852 as the Young Ladies' Seminary at Benicia, Calif., moved 1871, chartered as Mills College 1885. The first women's college in the…

Pareto, Vilfredo

(Encyclopedia) Pareto, VilfredoPareto, Vilfredovēlfrĕˈdō pärĕˈtō [key], 1848–1923, Italian economist and sociologist, b. Paris, of an exiled noble family that returned to Italy in 1858. He studied…

Snell, Willebrord

(Encyclopedia) Snell or Snellius, WillebrordSnell or Snellius, Willebrordvĭlˈəbrôrt snĕl, snĕlēəs [key], 1591–1626, Dutch mathematician. He is generally credited with the discovery (1621) of the law…

Cournot, Antoine Augustin

(Encyclopedia) Cournot, Antoine AugustinCournot, Antoine AugustinäNtwänˈ ōgüstăNˈ k&oomacr;rnōˈ [key], 1801–77, French mathematician and economist. He developed mathematical theories of chance…

Kronecker, Leopold

(Encyclopedia) Kronecker, LeopoldKronecker, Leopoldlāˈōpôlt krōˈnĕkˌər [key], 1823–91, German mathematician. After making a fortune in business he devoted his attention to mathematics and became…

Institute for Advanced Study

(Encyclopedia) Institute for Advanced Study, at Princeton, N.J.; chartered 1930, opened 1933. It differs from a university in that it offers no curriculum or examinations, and confers no degrees.…

Coffin, James Henry

(Encyclopedia) Coffin, James Henry, 1806–73, American mathematician and meteorologist, was professor of mathematics and physics, Lafayette College, 1846–73. In an observatory which he built on Mt.…