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espalier

(Encyclopedia) espalierespalierĕspălˈyər [key], trellis or lattice used in horticulture for training a tree or vine flat against a wall, either for ornament or to fit it into a small space, allowing…

Landry, Tom

(Encyclopedia) Landry, Tom (Thomas Wade Landry), 1924–2000, American football coach, b. Mission, Tex., B.S., Univ. of Texas, 1949, M.S. Univ. of Houston, 1952. He served in the U.S. Army Air Corps (…

kiln

(Encyclopedia) kilnkilnkĭl, kĭln [key], furnace for firing pottery and enamels, for making brick, charcoal, lime, and cement, for roasting ores, and for drying various substances (e.g., lumber,…

Digby, Sir Kenelm

(Encyclopedia) Digby, Sir Kenelm, 1603–65, English author and man of affairs. In 1628 he conducted a highly successful privateering raid against a French and Venetian fleet at Scanderoon (now…

Education, United States Department of

(Encyclopedia) Education, United States Department of, executive department of the federal government responsible for advising on educational plans and policies, providing assistance for education,…

Hoffmann, Jules Alphonse

(Encyclopedia) Hoffmann, Jules Alphonse, 1941–, French biologist, Ph.D. Univ. of Strasbourg, 1969. Hoffmann was a researcher at the French National Center for Scientific Research, Strasbourg, from…

Spitzer, Eliot Laurence

(Encyclopedia) Spitzer, Eliot Laurence, 1959–, U.S. lawyer and politician, b. Riverdale, N.Y., grad. Princeton (B.A. 1981), Harvard Law School (J.D. 1984). A Democrat, he practiced corporate law…

firing

(Encyclopedia) firing, process of treating clay or other plastic ceramic materials with heat to produce a hard, durable but brittle material such as pottery. Primitive potters baked their clay in an…

greenhouse

(Encyclopedia) greenhouse, enclosed glass house used for growing plants in regulated temperatures, humidity, and ventilation. A greenhouse can range from a small room carrying a few plants over the…

Goldberg, Rube

(Encyclopedia) Goldberg, Rube (Reuben Lucius Goldberg), 1883–1970, American cartoonist and sculptor, b. San Francisco. After drawing cartoons for San Francisco newspapers, he moved to New York City.…