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Johns Hopkins University

(Encyclopedia) Johns Hopkins University, mainly at Baltimore. Johns Hopkins in 1867 had a group of his associates incorporated as the trustees of a university and a hospital, endowing each with $3.5…

Armstrong, Louis

(Encyclopedia) Armstrong, Louis (Daniel Louis Armstrong), known as “Satchmo” and “Pops,” 1901–1971, American jazz trumpet virtuoso, singer, and bandleader, b. New Orleans. He learned to play the…

Lodge, Henry Cabot

(Encyclopedia) Lodge, Henry Cabot, 1850–1924, U.S. senator (1893–1924), b. Boston. He was admitted to the bar in 1876. Before beginning his long career in the U.S. Senate he edited (1873–76) the…

MacLeish, Archibald

(Encyclopedia) MacLeish, ArchibaldMacLeish, Archibaldməklēshˈ [key], 1892–1982, American poet and public official, b. Glencoe, Ill., grad. Yale, 1915, LL.B Harvard, 1919. He practiced law for only…

chansons de geste

(Encyclopedia) chansons de gestechansons de gesteshäNsôNˈ də zhĕst [key] [Fr.,=songs of deeds], a group of epic poems of medieval France written from the 11th through the 13th cent. Varying in length…

Fahrenheit temperature scale

(Encyclopedia) Fahrenheit temperature scaleFahrenheit temperature scalefârˈənhītˌ [key], temperature scale in which the temperature difference between two reference temperatures, the melting and…

Bingham, George Caleb

(Encyclopedia) Bingham, George Caleb, 1811–79, American painter and politician, b. Augusta co., Va. His family moved (1819) to Missouri, which was the site of most of Bingham's activities. In 1837 he…

Pentagon Papers

(Encyclopedia) Pentagon Papers, government study of U.S. involvement in Southeast Asia. Commissioned by Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara in June, 1967, the 47-volume, top secret study covered…

Shays's Rebellion

(Encyclopedia) Shays's Rebellion, 1786–87, armed insurrection by farmers in W Massachusetts against the state government. Debt-ridden farmers, struck by the economic depression that followed the…

O'Brien, William Smith

(Encyclopedia) O'Brien, William Smith, 1803–64, Irish revolutionary. He entered Parliament from Ireland in 1828 and worked for Catholic Emancipation, Irish poor relief, and state support of the Irish…