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National Petroleum Reserve

(Encyclopedia) National Petroleum Reserve, area, c.23 million acres (9.32 million hectares), Alaska North Slope, situated W of Prudhoe Bay and the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. The reserve, which…

adenosine monophosphate

(Encyclopedia) adenosine monophosphate (AMP)adenosine monophosphateədĕnˈəsēn mŏnˌəfŏsˈfāt [key], organic compound composed of an adenine base, the sugar ribose, and one phosphate unit. AMP is one of…

Tosefta

(Encyclopedia) ToseftaToseftatōsĕfˈtə [key], plural ToseftothTosefta–tōth [key] [Aramaic,=additional], collection of ancient Jewish teachings supplementing the Mishna or Oral Law and closely allied…

Sócrates Carvalho Pinto de Sousa, José

(Encyclopedia) Sócrates Carvalho Pinto de Sousa, José, 1957–, Portuguese political leader, prime minister of Portugal (2005–11). b. Porto. A member of the center-left Socialist party since 1981, he…

spleen

(Encyclopedia) spleen, soft, purplish-red organ that lies under the diaphragm on the left side of the abdominal cavity. The spleen acts as a filter against foreign organisms that infect the…

Batu Khan

(Encyclopedia) Batu KhanBatu Khanbäˈt&oomacr; kän [key], d. 1255, Mongol leader; a grandson of Jenghiz Khan. In 1235 Batu became commander of the Mongol army assigned to the conquest of Europe;…

rabbi

(Encyclopedia) rabbi [Heb.,=my master; my teacher], the title of a Jewish spiritual leader. The role of the rabbi has undergone a number of transformations. In the Talmudic period, rabbis were…

Nansen International Office for Refugees

(Encyclopedia) Nansen International Office for Refugees, worldwide agency est. 1931 by the League of Nations to work on behalf of refugees. It was named for Fridjof Nansen, head of the League's High…

Colombo, Emilio

(Encyclopedia) Colombo, EmilioColombo, Emilioāmēˈlyō kōlômˈbō [key], 1920–2013, Italian political leader. He was elected a member of the constituent assembly in 1946 and a parliamentary deputy for…

health-care proxy

(Encyclopedia) health-care proxy, legal document in which a person assigns to another person, usually called an agent or proxy, the authority to make medical decisions in case of incapacitation. It…