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Robert Wood Johnson Foundation

(Encyclopedia) Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, charitable organization devoted exclusively to health care issues. It was established in 1936 by Robert Wood Johnson (1893–1968), board chairman of the…

Hartford Foundation

(Encyclopedia) Hartford Foundation, fund established (1929) by retail food merchants John A. Hartford (1872–1951) and George L. Hartford (1864–1957) of the Great Atlantic and Pacific Tea Company (A…

X Prize Foundation

(Encyclopedia) X Prize Foundation, private, nonprofit prize institute est. 1995 by commercial space entrepreneur Peter Diamandis. Based in Santa Monica, Calif., and funded by foundations and private…

Mott Foundation

(Encyclopedia) Mott Foundation, philanthropic trust created (1926) by automobile executive Charles Stewart Mott (1875–1973) to support programs dealing with selected urban problems. The foundation…

Sloan Foundation

(Encyclopedia) Sloan Foundation, fund established (1934) by automobile executive Alfred P. Sloan, Jr. as a philanthropic institution supporting research in various areas. In its early years it…

Kellogg Foundation

(Encyclopedia) Kellogg Foundation, philanthropic institution established (1930) at Battle Creek, Mich., by food manufacturer W. K. Kellogg (see under Kellogg, John Harvey). Kellogg eventually gave…

Krleža, Miroslav

(Encyclopedia) Krleža, Miroslav, 1893–1981, Croatian novelist, playwright, and poet. He captured the concerns of a revolutionary era in Yugoslavia in his trilogy of social dramas about the Glembay…

John Edgar Wideman Biography

John Edgar WidemanwriterBorn: 6/14/1941Birthplace: Washington, D.C. Wideman grew up in Homewood, a Black middle-class section of Pittsburgh that is the setting of one of his best-known works, The…

David and Lucile Packard Foundation

(Encyclopedia) David and Lucile Packard Foundation, private philanthropic institution that funds nonprofit organizations. It was founded in 1964 by David Packard (1912–96), co-founder of Hewlett-…

Pepin the Short

(Encyclopedia) Pepin the Short (Pepin III), c.714–768, first Carolingian king of the Franks (751–68), son of Charles Martel and father of Charlemagne. Succeeding his father as mayor of the palace (…