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joule

(Encyclopedia) joulejoulej&oomacr;l, joul [key], abbr. J, unit of work or energy in the mks system of units, which is based on the metric system; it is the work done or energy expended by a force…

Raiffeisen, Friedrich Wilhelm

(Encyclopedia) Raiffeisen, Friedrich WilhelmRaiffeisen, Friedrich Wilhelmfrēˈdrĭkh vĭlˈhĕlm rīfˈīˌzən [key], 1818–88, German leader in the cooperative movement. Between 1845 and 1865 he was mayor of…

Schekman, Randy Wayne

(Encyclopedia) Schekman, Randy Wayne, 1948–, American cell biologist, b. St. Paul, Minn. Ph.D. Stanford, 1974. He is a professor (since 1976) at the Univ. of California, Berkeley, and an investigator…

Pinyin

(Encyclopedia) PinyinPinyinpĭnˈyĭnˈ [key] [Chin. Hanyu pinyin = Chinese phonetic alphabet], system of romanization of Chinese written characters, approved in 1958 by the government of the People's…

Engler, Adolf

(Encyclopedia) Engler, AdolfEngler, Adolfäˈdôlf ĕngˈlər [key], 1844–1930, German botanist. He emphasized the importance of geological history in the study of plant geography, and worked out an…

Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms

(Encyclopedia) Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, period of Chinese history between the fall of the T'ang dynasty (a.d. 907) and the establishment of the Sung dynasty (a.d. 960). It is named for the…

Gurugram

(Encyclopedia) Gurugram, formerly Gurgaon Gurugram, gûrˈgoun [key], city, Haryana state, N…

Veterans Affairs, United States Department of

(Encyclopedia) Veterans Affairs, United States Department of, federal executive department established to operate programs to benefit veterans and their families. The department was established in…

momentum

(Encyclopedia) momentummomentummōmĕnˈtəm [key], in mechanics, the quantity of motion of a body, specifically the product of the mass of the body and its velocity. Momentum is a vector quantity; i.e…

Lorentz contraction

(Encyclopedia) Lorentz contractionLorentz contractionlôrˈĕnts [key], in physics, contraction or foreshortening of a moving body in the direction of its motion, proposed by H. A. Lorentz on…