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Kashmir

(Encyclopedia) KashmirKashmirkăshmērˈ, kăshˈmēr [key], region and former princely state, 85,714 sq mi (222,236 sq km), NW India, NE Pakistan, and SW China. Kashmir is bordered on the west by Pakistan…

Bismarck, Otto von

(Encyclopedia) Bismarck, Otto vonBismarck, Otto vonbĭzˈmärk, Ger. ôˈtō fən bĭsˈmärk [key], 1815–98, German statesman, known as the Iron Chancellor. The Bismarckian era closed with the death of…

Taiwan

(Encyclopedia) CE5 TaiwanTaiwantīˈwänˈ [key], Portuguese Formosa, officially Republic of China, island nation (2015 est. pop. 23,486,000), 13,885 sq mi (35,961 sq km), in the Pacific Ocean,…

Rowhani, Hassan

(Encyclopedia) Rowhani, Hassan Rowhani, Hassan häsänˈ rōhänēˈ [key], 1948–, Iranian cleric and political leader, b.…

Stuart, James, earl of Arran

(Encyclopedia) Stuart or Stewart, James, earl of ArranStuart or Stewart, James, earl of Arranârˈən [key], d. 1595, Scottish nobleman. He spent his early years as a soldier of fortune fighting in the…

Spender, Sir Stephen

(Encyclopedia) Spender, Sir Stephen, 1909–95, English poet and critic, b. London. His early poetry—like that of W. H. Auden, C. Day Lewis, and Louis MacNeice, with whom he became associated at Oxford…

sociolinguistics

(Encyclopedia) sociolinguistics, the study of language as it affects and is affected by social relations. Sociolinguistics encompasses a broad range of concerns, including bilingualism, pidgin and…

protocol

(Encyclopedia) protocolprotocolprōˈtəkŏl [key], term referring to rules governing diplomatic conduct or to a variety of written instruments. Examples of the latter are authenticated minutes of…

Pathans

(Encyclopedia) PathansPathanspətänzˈ [key], group of seminomadic peoples consisting of more than 60 tribes, numbering more than 26 million in Pakistan and more than 11 million in Afghanistan, where…

Kim Dae Jung

(Encyclopedia) Kim Dae JungKim Dae Jungkĭm dā j&oobreve;ng [key], 1924–2009, president (1998–2003) of South Korea. A native of South Jeolla prov., Kim was a long-time campaigner for increased…