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Mansur, al-, d. 775, 2d Abbasid caliph

(Encyclopedia) Mansur, al-Mansur, al-äl-mäns&oobreve;rˈ [key] [Arab.,=the victorious], d. 775, 2d Abbasid caliph (754–75) and founder of the city of Baghdad. His name was in full Abu Jafar abd-…

Khiva, khanate of

(Encyclopedia) Khiva, khanate of, former state of central Asia, based on the Khiva (Khwarazm or Khorezm) oasis along the Amu Darya River. The khanate lay S of the Aral Sea and included large areas of…

Muhammad of Ghor

(Encyclopedia) Muhammad of Ghor, d. 1206, Afghan conqueror of N India. A brother of the sultan of Ghor, he was made governor of Ghazni in 1173 and from there launched a series of invasions of India.…

Tarik ibn Ziyad

(Encyclopedia) Tarik ibn ZiyadTarik ibn Ziyadtäˈrĭk [key], fl. 711, Berber leader of the Muslim invaders of Spain. When the heirs of the Visigothic king, Witiza, requested help from the Moors of N…

Scott, Paul

(Encyclopedia) Scott, Paul (Paul Mark Scott), 1930–78, British author, b. London. He joined the British army in 1940 and served in India, Burma, and Malaya from 1943 to 1946. His observations of the…

Shamyl

(Encyclopedia) Shamyl or ShamilShamylboth: shäˈmĭl [key], 1798?–1871, imam (religious and political leader) of the E Caucasus. From 1834 to 1859 he led the Muslim tribes of the E Caucasus in their…

Balbo, Italo

(Encyclopedia) Balbo, ItaloBalbo, Italoēˈtälō [key]Balbo, Italo bälˈbō [key], 1896–1940, Italian Fascist leader and aviator. After serving in World War I, he joined the Fascist movement and in 1922…

Banjarmasin

(Encyclopedia) Banjarmasin or Bandjarmasin Bandjarmasin both: bänˌjərmäˈsĭn [key], city,…

Robinson, Arthur Napoleon Raymond

(Encyclopedia) Robinson, Arthur Napoleon Raymond, 1926–2014, Trinidadian political leader, b. Tobago. A barrister before being elected (1961) to parliament, he was a founding member of the People's…

World Religions: What People Believe and Where

Top of Page Source: iStockHow many religions are there in the world? If you ask ten different religious studies experts, you’ll probably get twenty different answers. The majority of people follow…