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yeoman

(Encyclopedia) yeomanyeomanyōˈmən [key], class in English society. The term has always been ill-defined, but generally it means a freeholder of a lower status than gentleman who cultivates his own…

brain stem

(Encyclopedia) brain stem, lower part of the brain, adjoining and structurally continuous with the spinal cord. The upper segment of the human brain stem, the pons, contains nerve fibers that connect…

sudden infant death syndrome

(Encyclopedia) sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) or crib death, sudden, unexpected, and unexplained death of an apparently healthy infant under one year of age (usually between two weeks and eight…

Uruguay , river, South America

(Encyclopedia) UruguayUruguayy&oobreve;ˈrəgwā, gwī, Span. &oomacr;r&oomacr;gwiˈ, &oomacr;r&oomacr;wīˈ [key], river, c.1,000 mi (1,610 km) long, rising in S Brazil and flowing in…

tamoxifen

(Encyclopedia) tamoxifentamoxifentəmŏkˈsĭfĕnˌ [key], synthetic hormone used in the treatment of breast cancer. Introduced in 1978, tamoxifen is used to prevent recurrences of cancer in women who have…

Tarkington, Booth

(Encyclopedia) Tarkington, Booth (Newton Booth Tarkington), 1869–1946, American author, b. Indianapolis. His most characteristic and popular works were his genial novels of life in small Middle…

Berlin, Conference of

(Encyclopedia) Berlin, Conference of, 1884–85, international meeting aimed at settling the problems connected with European colonies in Africa. At the invitation of the German chancellor Otto von…

Pirogov, Nikolai Ivanovich

(Encyclopedia) Pirogov, Nikolai IvanovichPirogov, Nikolai Ivanovichnyĭkəlīˈ ēväˈnəvĭch pĭrōgôfˈ [key], 1810–81, Russian surgeon, b. Moscow. He entered Moscow Univ. at the age of 14 and completed the…

Papineau, Louis Joseph

(Encyclopedia) Papineau, Louis JosephPapineau, Louis Josephlwē zhôsĕfˈ päpēnōˈ [key], 1786–1871, French Canadian political leader and insurgent, b. Montreal. After serving as an officer in the War of…

Paraná, river, Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina

(Encyclopedia) Paraná, river, c.2,000 mi (3,200 km) long, formed by the junction of the Paranaíba and the Rio Grande, SE Brazil. It has the second largest drainage system in South America. It flows…