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Mandeville, Sir John

(Encyclopedia) Mandeville, Sir John, 14th-century English author of The Travels of Sir John Mandeville. Originally written in Norman French, the work became enormously popular and was translated into…

Duvalier, Jean-Claude

(Encyclopedia) Duvalier, Jean-ClaudeDuvalier, Jean-ClaudezhäN-klōd [key]Duvalier, Jean-Claude düvälyāˈ [key], 1951–2014, president of Haiti (1971–86). At age 19, he was proclaimed “president for life…

Nathan, George Jean

(Encyclopedia) Nathan, George Jean, 1882–1958, American editor and drama critic, b. Fort Wayne, Ind. He left the New York Herald to join H. L. Mencken in editing Smart Set (1914–23), which they made…

Gabin, Jean

(Encyclopedia) Gabin, JeanGabin, JeanzhäN gäbăNˈ [key], 1904–76, French film actor, b. Paris; his original name was Alexis Moncourge. Gabin's work as a cabaret entertainer led to a career in films.…

Anville, Jean Baptiste Bourguignon d'

(Encyclopedia) Anville, Jean Baptiste Bourguignon d'Anville, Jean Baptiste Bourguignon d'zhäN bätēstˈ b&oomacr;rgēnyôNˈ däNvēlˈ [key], 1697–1782, French geographer and cartographer. His maps of…

Marmontel, Jean François

(Encyclopedia) Marmontel, Jean FrançoisMarmontel, Jean FrançoiszhäN fräNswäˈ märmôNtĕlˈ [key], 1723–99, French critic, dramatist, and story writer, contributor to Diderot's Encyclopédie. Educated by…

Desmarets de Saint-Sorlin, Jean

(Encyclopedia) Desmarets de Saint-Sorlin, JeanDesmarets de Saint-Sorlin, JeanzhäN dāmärāˈ də săN-sôrlăNˈ [key], 1595–1676, French poet and dramatist. A protégé of Richelieu, he was a founding member…

Poncelet, Jean Victor

(Encyclopedia) Poncelet, Jean VictorPoncelet, Jean VictorzhäNˈ vēktôrˈ pôNslāˈ [key], 1788–1867, French mathematician and army engineer. He taught at the school of mechanics at Metz and at the…

Sponde, Jean de

(Encyclopedia) Sponde, Jean deSponde, Jean dezhäN də spôNd [key], 1557–95, French poet and humanist. He held various posts in the court of Henry IV but died destitute because of his reckless nature.…

Oudry, Jean Baptiste

(Encyclopedia) Oudry, Jean BaptisteOudry, Jean BaptistezhäN bätēstˈ &oomacr;drēˈ [key], 1686–1755, French animal painter. A pupil of Largillière, he became court painter to Louis XV, recording…