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Necker, Suzanne (Curchod)

(Encyclopedia) Necker, Suzanne (Curchod)Necker, Suzanne (Curchod)süzänˈ kürshōˈ [key]Necker, Suzanne (Curchod) nĕkĕrˈ [key], 1739–94, French writer; wife of Jacques Necker and mother of Mme de Staël…

Chirac, Jacques René

(Encyclopedia) Chirac, Jacques RenéChirac, Jacques Renézhäk rənāˈ shēräkˈ [key], 1932–2019, French political leader, president of France (1995–2007), b. Paris. He attended the National School of…

Rousseau, Jean Jacques

(Encyclopedia) Rousseau, Jean JacquesRousseau, Jean JacqueszhäN zhäk [key]Rousseau, Jean Jacques r&oomacr;sōˈ [key], 1712–78, Swiss-French philosopher, author, political theorist, and composer…

Consulate

(Encyclopedia) Consulate, 1799–1804, in French history, form of government established after the coup of 18 Brumaire (Nov. 9–10, 1799), which ended the Directory. Three consuls were appointed to rule…

Henrietta of England

(Encyclopedia) Henrietta of England (Henrietta Anne), 1644–70, duchesse d'Orléans, called Madame; sister-in-law of King Louis XIV of France. The daughter of King Charles I and Queen Henrietta Maria…

Maurepas, Jean Frédéric Phélippeaux, comte de

(Encyclopedia) Maurepas, Jean Frédéric Phélippeaux, comte deMaurepas, Jean Frédéric Phélippeaux, comte dezhäN frādārēkˈ fālēpōˈ kôNt də môrəpäˈ [key], 1701–81, French statesman. He succeeded his…

Lwoff, André

(Encyclopedia) Lwoff, AndréLwoff, AndréäNdrāˈ ləwôfˈ [key], 1902–94, French microbiologist, b. Ainay-le-Château, Allier dept., central France, of Russian-Polish origin. He was educated in France and…

Juncker, Jean-Claude

(Encyclopedia) Juncker, Jean-Claude, 1954–, Luxembourg political leader. A member of the Christian Social People's party, he was first elected to the Chamber of Deputies in 1984. Juncker served as…

Yhombi-Opango, Jacques Joachim

(Encyclopedia) Yhombi-Opango, Jacques Joachim, 1939–2020, Congolese politician. An army colonel, he became president of the People's Republic of the Congo in 1977 after the assassination of President…

Blondel, François

(Encyclopedia) Blondel, FrançoisBlondel, FrançoisfräNswäˈ blôNdĕlˈ [key], 1617–86, French architect. In 1672 he became director of the Academy of Architecture. Blondel's writings, which exerted great…