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Haftar, Khalifa

(Encyclopedia) Haftar, Khalifa, 1943–, Libyan military officer. He participated in the 1969 coup that brought Colonel Muammar al-Qaddafi to power and then held a variety of posts in the military. In…

Igor, 1151–1202, Russian prince

(Encyclopedia) Igor (Igor Sviatoslavich)Igorēˈgər svyäˌtəsläˈvĭch [key], 1151–1202, Russian prince. In 1185 he was defeated by the Cumans in an expedition that was immortalized in the epic Slovo o…

Isaac I

(Encyclopedia) Isaac I (Isaac Comnenus)Isaac Iīˈzək kŏmnēˈnəs [key], c.1005–1061, Byzantine emperor (1057–59), first of the Comnenus dynasty. Proclaimed emperor by the army, he deposed Michael VI,…

Martinelli, Ricardo

(Encyclopedia) Martinelli, Ricardo (Ricardo Alberto Martinelli Berrocal) 1952–, Panamanian business executive and political leader. The son of Italian immigrants, he became the head of a successful…

McDowell, Irvin

(Encyclopedia) McDowell, Irvin, 1818–85, Union general in the American Civil War, b. Columbus, Ohio. He taught at West Point (1841–45) and was made captain for his service in the Mexican War. In the…

Arzú, Álvaro

(Encyclopedia) Arzú, Álvaro (Álvaro Enrique Arzú Irigoyen), 1946–2018, Guatemalan lawyer and political leader. He was director of the Guatemalan tourism office (1978–81) before he was first elected…

Maginot Line

(Encyclopedia) Maginot LineMaginot Linemăzhˈĭnō, Fr. mäzhēnōˈ [key], system of fortifications along the eastern frontier of France, extending from the Swiss border to the Belgian. It was named for…

Khorasan

(Encyclopedia) KhorasanKhorasankhôrˌəsänˈ [key] or KhurasanKhurasank&oobreve;rˌəsänˈ [key], region and former province (1991 pop. 6,013,200), c.125,000 sq mi (323,750 sq km), NE Iran. Mashhad is…

Koop, C. Everett

(Encyclopedia) Koop, C. Everett (Charles Everett Koop), 1916–2013, American physician, U.S. surgeon general (1982–89), b. Brooklyn, N.Y., grad. Dartmouth (B.S., 1937), Cornell Medical College (M.D.,…