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Lewis, John Robert

(Encyclopedia) Lewis, John Robert, 1940–2020, African-American politician and civil-rights leader, b. near Troy, Ala., B.A. American Baptist…

Lawrence, Jacob

(Encyclopedia) Lawrence, Jacob (Jacob Armstead Lawrence), 1917–2000, American painter, b. Atlantic City, N.J. One of the most important African-American artists of the late 20th cent., Lawrence…

Farmer, James Leonard, Jr.

(Encyclopedia) Farmer, James Leonard, Jr., 1920–99, African-American civil-rights leader who was one of the principal civil-rights figures of the 1950s and 60s, b. Marshall, Tex., grad. Wiley College…

Walker, Alice

(Encyclopedia) Walker, Alice, 1944–, African-American novelist and poet, b. Eatonon, Ga. The daughter of sharecroppers, she studied at Spelman College (1961–63) and Sarah Lawrence College (B.A., 1965…

Napoleon, Louis

(Encyclopedia) Napoleon, Louis, 1800–1881, African American abolitionist. He lived in a community of free blacks in Staten Island, N.Y., working as a porter and furniture polisher while secretly…

Ellison, Keith Maurice

(Encyclopedia) Ellison, Keith Maurice, 1963–, African-American politician, the first Muslim to be elected to the U.S. Congress; b. Detroit. A convert to Islam from Roman Catholicism while at Wayne…

Crandell, Prudence

(Encyclopedia) Crandell, PrudenceCrandell, Prudencekrănˈdəl [key], 1803–89, American educator and abolitionist, b. Hopkinton, R.I. In 1831 she opened a school for girls in Canterbury, Conn. Her…

Butts, Calvin O., III

(Encyclopedia) Butts, Calvin O., III, 1949–2022, African-American pastor and social justice leader, b. Bridgeport, Conn., B.A. Morehouse College (…

Taylor, Koko

(Encyclopedia) Taylor, Koko, 1928–2009, African-American blues singer and songwriter, b. Bartlett, Tenn., as Cora Walton. Growing up, Taylor absorbed gospel music in church and the blues at local…

quilting

(Encyclopedia) quilting, form of needlework, almost always created by women, most of them anonymous, in which two layers of fabric on either side of an interlining (batting) are sewn together,…